Sangirese, also known as Sangihé, Sangi, and Sangih, is an Austronesian language spoken on the islands linking northern Sulawesi, Indonesia, with Mindanao, Philippines by the Sangirese people.
Sangirese | |
---|---|
Native to | Indonesia Philippines |
Region | North Sulawesi Davao del Sur Davao Occidental Davao Oriental |
Native speakers | Sangir: 170,000 (2010)[1] Sangil: 15,000 (1996)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
Latin | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | Either:sxn – Sangirsnl – Sangil |
Glottolog | nort2871 |
It belongs to the Philippine group within the Austronesian language family.[1] Some lexical influence comes from Ternate and Spanish.[2][3]
Phonology edit
Consonants edit
Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | ||
voiced | b | d | ɡ | ||||
Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||
Fricative | β | s | ɣ | h | |||
Rhotic | ɾ | ||||||
Lateral | l | 𝼈 | |||||
Approximant | w | j |
/ɣ/ is mainly heard in the Sangihé dialect.[4]
Vowels edit
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | ɨ | u |
Mid | e | o | |
Open | a |
- Vowels /i, e, a, o, u/ may also be heard as [ɪ, ɛ, ə, ɔ, ʊ] within syllables.
- /ɨ/ can be heard as [ɨ], [ɯ], [ə].[5]
References edit
- ^ a b c Sangir at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
Sangil at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) - ^ M. A. Chlenov (1998). "Sangircy". Narody i religii mira: Enciklopedija. V. A. Tishkov, Nauchnoe izdatelʹstvo "Bolʹshai︠a︡ rossiĭskai︠a︡ ėnt︠s︡iklopedii︠a︡.". Moskva: Nauchnoe izd-vo "Bolʹshai︠a︡ Rossiĭskai︠a︡ Ėnt︠s︡iklopedii︠a︡". p. 468. ISBN 5-85270-155-6. OCLC 40821169.
- ^ Shinzō Hayase (2007). Mindanao Ethnohistory Beyond Nations: Maguindanao, Sangir, and Bagobo Societies in East Maritime Southeast Asia. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-971-550-511-6. OCLC 154714449.
- ^ Maryott, Kenneth R. (1986). "Pre-Sangir *l, *d, *r and Associated Phonemes". Notes on Linguistics. 34: 25–40.
- ^ Maryott, Kenneth R. (1977). "The Phonemes of Sarangani Sangiré". Studies in Philippine Linguistics. 1 (2): 264–279.
Further reading edit
- ADRIANI, N. (1894). "SANGIREESCHE TEKSTEN (Vervolg)". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië (in Dutch). 44 (1): 1–168. JSTOR 25737775. Accessed 10 Feb. 2023.