Roxbury Heritage State Park is a history-themed heritage park in the oldest part of Roxbury, a former town annexed in 1868 by Boston, Massachusetts.[2][3] It is anchored by the Dillaway–Thomas House, a large colonial structure built in 1750 and thought to be the oldest surviving house in Roxbury.[4][5] The location includes an adjacent 1-acre (0.40 ha) landscaped park with views of the Boston skyline,[4] and is part of the Metropolitan Park System of Greater Boston.
| Roxbury Heritage State Park | |
|---|---|
 Dillaway-Thomas House | |
 | |
| Location | 183 Roxbury Street, Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, United States |
| Coordinates | 42°19′49″N 71°5′26″W / 42.33028°N 71.09056°W |
| Area | 3 acres (1.2 ha)[1] |
| Established | 1992 |
| Operator | Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation |
| Website | Roxbury Heritage State Park |
 | |
History
edit
The heritage park is located in the John Eliot Square area of northern Roxbury, which was the site of the town center after its founding in 1630.[2]
Rev. Oliver Peabody, pastor of the First Church in Roxbury, began construction of a Georgian-style parsonage in 1750.[6] However, he died before it was completed and Rev. Amos Adams, his successor, finished it for his own use in 1752. In 1775, the house, which afforded excellent views of Dorchester Heights and Boston Neck, was requisitioned by John Thomas, then a brigadier general in the Continental Army, for use as military headquarters.[6]
In 1776, while Thomas was in residence, cannons from Fort Ticonderoga in northern New York were transported by Henry Knox to Cambridge, Massachusetts and then through Roxbury to fortify Dorchester Heights, where they were used to force the evacuation of the British from Boston on March 17.[7] A marker commemorating the neighborhood as a stop on the Henry Knox Trail and signifying Thomas's role in ending the Siege of Boston was placed at the park in 2009.[8] The marker was the fifty-seventh placed to commemorate the Knox Expedition, and the first added since the string of monuments marking the trail was established in 1927.[9][10]
In 1786 the house was returned to its original function as a parsonage when Rev. Eliphalet Porter acquired it. Porter left the house to his nieces Martha and Caroline Porter and in 1835 Martha and her husband Charles Knapp Dillaway moved in. Dillaway was headmaster of the Boston Latin School from 1831 to 1836, when he retired because of ill health. He continued to teach privately. Dillaway died in 1889; Martha continued to live in the house until her death in 1903.[11]
The property was purchased by the City of Boston in 1927. Initial plans to demolish it and replace it with a school were fought successfully by the community.[12][13] The house was restored under the guidance of the Roxbury Historical Society and was dedicated on December 24, 1933.[14]
After two fires in the 1970s, then–state Representative Byron Rushing, a former Roxbury resident, successfully petitioned the legislature in 1984 for funding to restore the house and preserve it as a heritage park.[15] According to Robert Olson, who conducted the project, architect Frank Chouteau Brown added Colonial details in the 1932 restoration that were never present in the house; for example, rough plank doors with wrought-iron hinges of a design he simply invented and a chair rail where none had existed.[5] This restoration left some spots showing levels of all previous work done to the house exposed, creating a physical timeline of the architectural history of the house.[5] The completed house was opened to the public in 1992, and contains exhibits tracing periods of the history of Roxbury from the past to the present.[4][15]
A third round of restoration earned a 2020 Preservation Award from the Boston Preservation Alliance.[16]
References
edit- ^ "2012 Acreage Listing" (PDF). Department of Conservation and Recreation. April 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 11, 2013. Retrieved February 17, 2017.
- ^ a b "Roxbury's History". Discover Roxbury. Retrieved February 17, 2017.
- ^ "Boston's Neighborhoods: Roxbury". Boston Redevelopment Authority. Retrieved December 15, 2009.
- ^ a b c "Roxbury Heritage State Park". MassParks. Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, Department of Conservation and Recreation. Retrieved August 17, 2013.
- ^ a b c Campbell, Robert (May 20, 1993). "A window on the past: Inside Roxbury's Dillaway-Thomas House, an archeological approach to restoration lays bare a succession of style". The Boston Globe. p. A6.
- ^ a b Drake 1878, p. 310
- ^ "Celebrating the Knox Trail" (PDF). Evacuation Day Heritage Committee. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 24, 2008. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ "The Knox Museum Joins Evacuation Day Celebration" (PDF). The Cannon. General Henry Knox Museum: 6. Spring 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 26, 2011. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ Miller, Yawu (March 19, 2009). "Roxbury role in Revolutionary War recognized with marker". Bay State Banner. Boston. Archived from the original on January 4, 2010. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ "Interpreting History: Installation of Interpretive Easel at Roxbury Knox Trail Marker". Evacuation Day Heritage Committee. Archived from the original on May 4, 2010. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ "Funeral of Mrs. Dillaway". Boston Evening Transcript. January 21, 1903. p. 14. Retrieved February 15, 2023.
- ^ "Strong Efforts Made to Save the Old Dillaway Parsonage". The Boston Globe. March 3, 1928. p. 20.
- ^ "Move to Preserve Historic Dwelling". The Boston Globe. March 14, 1929. p. 17.
- ^ "Dillaway–Thomas House, Restored by City, Dedicated". The Boston Globe. December 25, 1933. p. 2.
- ^ a b Coleman, Sandy (October 11, 1992). "Roxbury house reopens to tell of past, future". The Boston Globe.
- ^ "Dillaway-Thomas House". Boston Preservation Alliance.
Resources
edit- Drake, Francis S. (October 1878). The town of Roxbury: its memorable persons and places, its history and antiquities, with numerous illustrations of its old landmarks and noted personages. Roxbury: Published by the Author. Retrieved February 15, 2023.
Further reading
edit- Ritchie, Duncan; Miller, Beth P. (1994). Archaeological Investigations of the Prehistoric and Historic Period Components of the Dillaway-Thomas House Site, Roxbury Heritage State Park, Boston, Massachusetts (Report). Massachusetts Historical Commission.
External links
edit- Bagley, Joseph M.; Poulson, Jennifer L. "Ceramics in America 2017". The Chipstone Foundation. Retrieved February 13, 2023. Describes Japanese ceramic fragments found during archaeological dig at the Dillaway-Thomas house in 2014.
- "Highland Park is Boston's Newest Architectural Conservation District". boston.gov. Landmarks Commission. September 4, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2023.
- Highland Park Architectural Conservation District: Boston Landmarks Commission Study Report (PDF) (Report). Boston Landmarks Commission, Environment Department, City of Boston. April 29, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2023.
- "Historic Building Detail: BOS.11337, Dillaway–Thomas House". Massachusetts Cultural Information Resource System. Retrieved February 16, 2023. Contains link to PDF inventory and description of the property.
- Joe Bagley, Archaeologist, City of Boston (January 10, 2023). Boston Uncovered: Dillaway–Thomas House. The City of Boston – via YouTube. Short video about archaeological work at the Dillaway–Thomas house site. Produced by the City of Boston Archaeology Program.
- "City of Boston Archaeological Program". Facebook. August 23, 2022. Retrieved February 17, 2023. Post about archaeological finds at Dillaway–Thomas House.