Riko Muranaka (村中 璃子, Muranaka Riko) is a medical doctor, journalist and recipient of the 2017 John Maddox Prize for fighting to reduce cervical cancer and countering misinformation about the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine dominating the Japanese media, despite facing safety threats.[1][2][3][4] Despite the lack of evidence, the HPV vaccine is infamous in Japan due to misattributed adverse effects, with government suspending promotion and coverage.[5] While the World Health Organization (WHO) safety and efficacy information about the vaccine is consistent with Muranaka's reporting, a court ruled against Muranaka in an unrelated slander lawsuit in 2016 for claims of alleged fabrication.[4] Under threat of legal harassment by antivaccine activists, publishers declined some of her works including a book on the HPV vaccine (ultimately, Heibonsha accepted the book for publication).[6][7]
Biography
editMuranaka received an M.A. in sociology from Hitotsubashi University and an M.D. from Hokkaido University School of Medicine. According to her own profile, she was known as a journalist writing about the Ebola fever in 2014. In February 2018, she published her first book.[8]
Muranaka is part-time lecturer at the Japan Kyoto University School of Medicine. As of 2019, she lives in Germany.[1]
Lawsuit
editIn 2016, Muranaka wrote in the Wedge magazine about research done by Shinshu University neurologist Shuichi Ikeda, alleging that some results to demonstrate a link between an HPV vaccine and brain cancer in mouse had been fabricated, resulting in a slander lawsuit. While Japanese's Health Ministry stated that Ikeda's results "have not proven anything about whether the symptoms that occurred after HPV vaccination were caused by the HPV vaccine," the court ruled that evidence of fabrication was absent. The university investigation on Ikeda's work concluded that he did not commit scientific misconduct, but that conclusions may have been overstated, then released a statement, including that the research did not conclusively provide a link in relation to vaccine safety. Muranaka lost the slander case. Wedge magazine had to retract claims of fabrication from the article with both needing to pay for damages.[4][1][6]
Muranaka intends to appeal, also stating that she needs to win the lawsuit for science and that the court case was still an opportunity to make friends and gain recognition despite its negative aspects.[6] According to Heidi Larson, director of the Vaccine Confidence Project at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, "I think what is important is that media coverage does not distort the point and imply Dr. Ikeda's science won: It was Dr. Muranaka's manners and language that lost".[4]
John Maddox Prize delivery ceremony
edit
At the award ceremony of the John Maddox Prize, Riko Murunaka's speech highlighted the circumstances that, according to the award winner, could have given rise to the distinction received.[7]
Vaccination against human papillomavirus
editThe WHO has evaluated the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine against human papilloma virus (HPV) concluding that it is extremely safe and that it is not related to the adverse effects attributed to it.[9][10]
At 2016, 79 out of almost 200 countries have HPV vaccine programs for girls and adolescents.[11]
However, Japan stopped recommending vaccination despite the fact that its own technical committees found no relationship with the alleged adverse effects falsely attributed to this vaccine, and as a consequence, vaccination coverage fell to levels close to zero, not seen in any other country.[5] In November 2021 the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan finally resumed active recommendations of the HPV.[12]
Works
edit- Muranaka, Riko (2018). Jūmanko no Shikyū 10万個の子宮 [A Hundred Thousand Wombs] (in Japanese). Heibonsha.[7]
References
edit- ^ a b c "Court ruling highlights the threat of vaccine misinformation". Nature. 568 (7750): 5. 2 April 2019. Bibcode:2019Natur.568Q...5.. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-01031-x. PMID 30940973.
- ^ Ian Sample (30 November 2017). "Doctor wins 2017 John Maddox prize for countering HPV vaccine misinformation". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
- ^ "Women's health champion, Dr Riko Muranaka, awarded the 2017 John Maddox Prize for Standing up for Science". Nature. 30 November 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
- ^ a b c d Normile, Dennis (27 March 2019). "Japanese court rules against journalist in HPV vaccine defamation case". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aax4915. S2CID 189646291.
- ^ a b Hanley SJ, Yoshioka E, Ito Y, Kishi R (June 2015). "HPV vaccination crisis in Japan". Lancet. 385 (9987): 2571. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61152-7. PMID 26122153.
- ^ a b c Normile, Dennis (30 November 2017). "Q&A: Japanese physician snares prize for battling antivaccine campaigners". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aar6325.
- ^ a b c Muranaka, Riko (9 December 2017). "A Hundred Thousand Wombs". Note (Self Published). piece of cake Inc. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
- ^ Muranaka, Riko. "Profile". Riko Muranaka Website. Riko Muranaka. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
- ^ "Meeting of the Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety, 7–8 June 2017" (PDF). Weekly Epidemiological Record. 2017 (28). World Health Organization: 393–402. 14 July 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
- ^ "Human papillomavirus vaccines: WHO position paper, May 2017" (PDF). Weekly Epidemiological Record. 2017 (19). World Health Organization: 241–268. 12 May 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
- ^ Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases Report 2019 (PDF) (Report). ICO/IARC HPV Information Centre. 22 July 2019. pp. 260–264. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
- ^ Haruyama, Rei, Obara, Harumi, Fujita, Noriko (February 2022). "Japan resumes active recommendations of HPV vaccine after 8.5 years of suspension". The Lancet Oncology. 22 (2): 197–198. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(22)00002-X. PMID 35114115.
Further reading
edit- McKie, Anna (16 January 2020). "Is standing up for expertise a fool's errand?". Times Higher Education. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
She was threatened, sued and accused of being in the pay of the pharmaceutical industry after she wrote an article claiming that a mouse study revealing a link between the vaccine and brain damage was fabricated.
- Gorski, David (20 January 2020). "Is defending science-based medicine worth it?". Science Based Medicine. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
External links
edit- Riko Murunaka on Twitter (in Japanese)