Rhabdopleurida is one of three orders in the class Pterobranchia, which are small, worm-shaped animals, are the only surviving graptolites.[2][3] Members belong to the hemichordates.[4][5] Species in this order are sessile, colonial, connected with a stolon, living in clear water and secrete tubes called tubarium. They have a single gonad, the gill slits are absent and the collar has two tentaculated arms.[6] Rhabdopleura is the best studied pterobranch in developmental biology.[7]

Rhabdopleurida
Temporal range: Middle Cambrian–present
Rhabdopleura normani
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Subclass:
Order:
Rhabdopleurida
Family:
Rhabdopleuridae

Allman, 1869[1]
Genera
Synonyms
  • Order
    • Stolonoidea Kozlowski, 1938
  • Family
    • Graptovermidae Kozlowski, 1949
    • Idiotubidae Kozlowski, 1949
    • Rhabdopleuritidae Mierzejewski, 1986
    • Rhabdopleuroididae Mierzejewski, 1986
    • Stolonodendridae Bulman, 1955

Taxonomy

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This small order is monotypic. It has only a single extant genus, containing four to six living species.

Order Rhabdopleurida Fowler, 1892

Nomen dubium:

Extinct species:

References

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  1. ^ Maletz, Jörg (2014). "The classification of the Pterobranchia (Cephalodiscida and Graptolithina)". Bulletin of Geosciences. 89 (3): 477–540. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1465. ISSN 1214-1119.
  2. ^ Mitchell, Charles E.; Michael J. Melchin; Chris B. Cameron; Jörg Maletz (2012). "Phylogenetic analysis reveals that Rhabdopleura is an extant graptolite". Lethaia. 46: 34–56. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2012.00319.x. ISSN 0024-1164.
  3. ^ Sato, A; Rickards, RB; Holland PWH (2008). "The origins of graptolites and other pterobranchs: a journey from 'Polyzoa'". Lethaia. 41 (4): 303–316. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2008.00123.x.
  4. ^ Animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu
  5. ^ Eol.org
  6. ^ Modern Text Book of Zoology: Invertebrates
  7. ^ Sato, A; Bishop JDD; Holland PWH (2008). "Developmental biology of pterobranch hemichordates: history and perspectives". Genesis. 46 (11): 587–91. doi:10.1002/dvg.20395. PMID 18798243.
  • Marinespecies.org
  • ITIS.gov
  • Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.) (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-857356-1. 627 pp.