Wikipedia

Remo Ruffini

For the Italian businessman, see Remo Ruffini (businessman).

Remo Ruffini (born May 17, 1942, La Brigue, Alpes-Maritimes, at that time, Briga Marittima, Italy) is an Italian astrophysicist. He is the Director of ICRANet, International Centre for Relativistic Astrophysics Network and one of the founders of the International Centre for Relativistic Astrophysics (ICRA). Ruffini initiated the International Relativistic Astrophysics PhD (IRAP PhD), a common graduate school program of several universities and research institutes for the education of theoretical astrophysicists. He is the Director of the Erasmus Mundus IRAP PhD program (IRAP Ph D Erasmus Mundus). He has been Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Rome "Sapienza" from 1978 to 2012.

Remo Ruffini
Ruffini, Remo
Born (1942-05-17) May 17, 1942 (age 82)
La Brigue, France
Known for
SpouseAnna Imponente
Children1
Scientific career
FieldsAstrophysics
Doctoral studentsDaniela Calzetti

Biography

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After obtaining his degree in 1966 in Rome, he was a post-doctoral fellow at the Mainz Academy of Sciences working with Pascual Jordan, in West Germany. Then, he was a post-doctoral fellow with John Wheeler and Member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton and later became an instructor and assistant professor at Princeton University. In 1975, he was a visiting professor at the Universities of Kyoto (Japan) and of Western Australia, Perth. In the years 1975–78, he worked with NASA, being a member of the task force on the scientific use of space stations. In 1976 he became professor of theoretical physics at the University of Catania and in 1978 he was appointed a professor at the University "Sapienza". In 1985, he was elected president of the International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics (ICRA). In 1984 he was a cofounder, with Abdus Salam, of the Marcel Grossmann Meetings.[1] In 1987, he became co-chairman of the Italian-Korean Meetings on Relativistic Astrophysics. In the years 1989–93, he was President of the Scientific Committee of the Italian Space Agency. He is the editor of a variety of scientific journals. He is married to Anna Imponente and has a son, Iacopo.

His theoretical work led to the concept of boson stars.[2] His classic article with John Wheeler[3] popularized the astrophysical concept of Black Hole.[4] With Demetrios Christodoulou he has given the formula for a Kerr-Newmann Black Hole endowed of charge, mass and angular momentum.[5] His theoretical work led to the identification of the first Black Holes in the Milky Way Galaxy.

Together with his student C. Rhoades,[6] he established the absolute upper limit to the mass of neutron stars. With his student Robert Leach,[7] he used such an upper limit for fixing the paradigm which enabled the identification of the first Black Hole in the Milky Way Galaxy, Cygnus X1, using the splendid data of the Uhuru satellite by Riccardo Giacconi and his group.[8][9]

For these works, Ruffini won the A. Cressy Morrison Award of the New York Academy of Sciences in 1972.[10]

With his students Calzetti, Giavalisco, Song and Taraglio, Ruffini developed the role of fractal structures in cosmology.[11][12]

Together with his collaborator Thibault Damour,[13] Ruffini suggested the applicability of the Heisenberg-Euler-Schwinger process of pair creation in black hole physics and identified the dyadosphere where these processes take place. Gamma ray bursts seem to give the observational evidence of such pair creation process in astrophysics, prior to the observation of such phenomenon in Earth based experiments and represent the first evidence of the energy extraction process from Black Holes (the blackholic energy).[14]

Bird's-eye view of our black-hole universe

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The first-ever picture of a black hole, painted for Physics Today (January 1971) under the supervision of Remo Ruffini.[15]

An external observer would see our black-hole universe as a sphere of space that is being sucked into its central wormhole:

The drain hole sucking water toward it is equivalent to the singularity at the center of a black hole sucking space toward it.

—Sen, Paul. Einstein's Fridge: How the Difference Between Hot and Cold Explains the Universe Simon and Schuster, 2022, p. 228

Consequently, our black-hole universe shrinks ever faster, spins ever faster, and has an ever deeper funnel-shaped vortex, through which the black-hole universe's space swirls into the black-hole universe's central wormhole:[16]

 

To us, falling towards the central singularity, our shrinking black-hole universe seems to be expanding:

Now let us consider an astronaut explorer who goes to visit a black hole and falls in. According to her own proper time, the explorer can soon arrive in the vicinity of the horizon. Any light emitted at rs in the outward radial direction as she falls in stays at the horizon, according to outer observers, but travels at c relative to the astronaut. Therefore, in the astronaut's rest frame the horizon moves outwards at c.

—Steane, Andrew M. Relativity Made Relatively Easy OUP, 2012, p. 368

Time is the flow of space into the future, engendered by the suction exerted from the future by our black-hole universe's central wormhole. The flow is funnel-shaped[16]—its diameter is decreasing, while its velocity is increasing:

The horizon is a point of no return, but nothing special happens to a body such as an astronaut as it passes through the horizon (in free fall). The tidal effects merely grow continuously, just as they do as one approaches other massive bodies. This can be illustrated by an analogy with flowing water. If there is laminar flow through a large pipe of decreasing diameter, then the flow velocity increases as a function of distance along the pipe, and one can imagine that at some point zs the flow velocity exceeds the speed of sound in water. Then sound waves emitted from z > zs will never propagate to z < zs. ...

The conclusion is that motion forward in time is motion towards smaller r. An object entering the horizon is carried down to r = 0 just as surely as you and I are carried into next week.

—Steane, Andrew M. Relativity Made Relatively Easy OUP, 2012, pp. 367–68

Gravitational potential energy is negative, i.e. consisting of a negative number of quanta and because of that nonlocal, holistically integrative.[17][18] It is the telepathic and telekinetic intuition of the universe:

Gravity is the inwardly cohering force acting integratively on all systems.

—Fuller, Buckminster. Synergetics Macmillan, 1975, §000.113

Intuition integrates the several parts to form a whole and does so spontaneously.

—Reichling, Mary Josephine. Images of Imagination: A Philosophical Study of Imagination in Music with Application to Music Education Indiana University, 1991, p. 133

As the funnel-shaped flow of space accelerates towards the central wormhole, the flow's gravitational potential energy becomes ever more negative, so that the matter embedded in the flow becomes ever more intuitive—ever more capable of telepathy and telekinesis. The cosmic flow of space is narrowest and speediest in the brain of the most intuitive man:

The earth, to Fuller, is a "contracting phase" of the universe, a low-pressure zone in the cosmos where energy is collected and stored. The sun's radiation warms the oceans, and the oceans feed the earth. Fuller calls processes which conserve energy aspects of "synergy", a word he relies on heavily in his discussions of the "more-with-less" technologies that will accomplish the defeat of scarcity. An example of synergetic action that Fuller is particularly fond of is the way chrome-nickel steel acquires, through chemical mating, a tensile strength greater than the sum of its components. But the highest expression of synergy is man's intuition, his ability to see comprehensive patterns in random events, which has led him from near helplessness to the point where he can now take control of his own evolution.

—Farrell, Barry. The View from the Year 2000 LIFE Magazine, 26 February 1971

Through human socialisation, whose specific effect is to involute upon itself the whole bundle of reflexive scales and fibres of the earth, it is the very axis of the cosmic vortex of interiorisation which is pursuing its course.

—Chardin, Pierre Teilhard de. The Phenomenon of Man Harper Perennial, 1955, p. 306

He sends a beam of negative energy (suction) into the past and thus sucks into existence the vortex called the universe:

The negative energy force that moves water is called suction.

—Sachs, Paul D. Dynamics of a Natural Soil System Edaphic Press, 1999, p. 56

Finally, let us consider the use of a space-like energy-momentum transfer mechanism for sending signals that travel faster than light. By a signal, we mean a statement, possibly in some code, whose sense is not predetermined before the instant at which it is sent. A beam of negative energy that travels into the past can be generated by the acceleration of the source to high speeds. A beam of this sort could be used to send a signal into the past; if such signals were possible, we could determine the sense of the signal long before we decide upon the signal. This contradiction shows that we cannot use a negative-energy energy-momentum transfer mechanism to send signals. This does not mean that such energy-momentum transfers cannot occur; it means only that we cannot control those energy-momentum transfers to the extent that we can use them for signaling.

—Skinner, Ray. Relativity for Scientists and Engineers Courier Corporation, 2014, pp. 188–89

The universe is the vortex of the most intuitive man's self-creation:

 
 
Attractor
(central wormhole)

Yet the more persistently we try to avoid man in our theories, the more tightly drawn become the circles we describe around him, as though we were caught up in his vortex. <...>

We are not dealing with an immutably fixed focus but with a vortex which grows deeper as it sucks up the fluid at the heart of which it was born. The ego only persists by becoming ever more itself, in the measure in which it makes everything else itself.

—Chardin, Pierre Teilhard de. The Phenomenon of Man Harper Perennial, 1955, pp. 281, 172

The latest theory on how the universe will end involves everything being swallowed by a giant wormhole—a scenario dubbed the ‘Big Trip’.

—Swarup, Amarendra. Phantom energy may fuel universe-eating wormhole New Scientist, 2005 11 11

Books

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He is co-author of 21 books, including:

  • R. Giacconi and R. Ruffini, Physics and Astrophysics of Neutron Stars and Black Holes, LXXV E. Fermi Summer School, SIF and North Holland (1978); also translated into Russian
  • R. Giacconi and R. Ruffini, Physics and Astrophysics of Neutron Stars and Black Holes 2nd edition, Cambridge Scientific Publishers, Cambridge (2009)
  • R. Gursky and R. Ruffini, Neutron Stars, Black Holes and Binary X Ray Sources, H. Reidel (1975)
  • H. Ohanian and R. Ruffini. Gravitation and Spacetime, W.W. Norton (1994); translated into Italian (Bologna: Zanichelli, 1997), Chinese (China Science Publishing, 2007) and Korean (Seoul: Shin Won, 2001)
  • Bardeen, et al., Black Holes, Gordon & Breach (1973)
  • M. Rees, J.A. Wheeler and R. Ruffini, Black Holes, Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, Gordon & Breach (1974)
  • H. Sato and R. Ruffini, Black Holes, Tokyo (1976)
  • L.Z. Fang and R. Ruffini, Basic Concepts in Relativistic Astrophysics, Beijing: Science Press (1981)
  • F. Melchiorri and R. Ruffini, Gamow Cosmology, North Holland Pub. Co., (1986)

Awards

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Alex Gaina, MARCEL GROSSMANN MEETING-AN IMPORTANT EVENT IN GRAVITATION AND ASTROPHYSICS [1]
  2. ^ R. Ruffini & S. Bonazzola (1969). "Systems of Self-Gravitating Particles in General Relativity and the Concept of an Equation of State". Physical Review. 187 (5): 1767–1783. Bibcode:1969PhRv..187.1767R. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.187.1767. hdl:2060/19690028071.
  3. ^ R. Ruffini & J.A. Wheeler (1971). "Introducing the Black Hole". Physics Today. 24 (1): 30–41. Bibcode:1971PhT....24a..30R. doi:10.1063/1.3022513.
  4. ^ Naming of black hole.
  5. ^ D. Christodoulou; R. Ruffini (1971). "Reversible Transformations of a Charged Black Hole". Physical Review D. 4 (12): 3552–3555. Bibcode:1971PhRvD...4.3552C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.4.3552.
  6. ^ C. Rhoades & R. Ruffini (1974). "Maximum Mass of a Neutron Star". Physical Review Letters. 32 (6): 324. Bibcode:1974PhRvL..32..324R. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.32.324.
  7. ^ R. Leach & R. Ruffini (1973). "On the Masses of X-Ray Sources". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 180: L15. Bibcode:1973ApJ...180L..15L. doi:10.1086/181143.
  8. ^ R. Giacconi (2005). "An Education in Astronomy". Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics. 43 (1): 1–30. Bibcode:2005ARA&A..43....1G. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.43.090303.091253.
  9. ^ R. Giacconi (2003). "Nobel Lecture: The dawn of x-ray astronomy". Reviews of Modern Physics. 75 (3): 995–1010. Bibcode:2003RvMP...75..995G. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.995.
  10. ^ Ruffini, Remo (1973). "Neutron Stars and Black Holes in Our Galaxy*". Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences. 35 (3 Series II): 196–226. doi:10.1111/j.2164-0947.1973.tb01960.x. ISSN 2164-0947.
  11. ^ D. Calzetti; M. Giavalisco; R. Ruffini (1988). "The normalization of the correlation functions for extragalactic structures". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 198 (1–2): 1. Bibcode:1988A&A...198....1C.
  12. ^ R. Ruffini; D.J. Song; S. Taraglio (1988). "The 'ino' mass and the cellular large-scale structure of the universe". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 190 (1–2): 1. Bibcode:1988A&A...190....1R.
  13. ^ T. Damour & R. Ruffini (1975). "Quantum Electrodynamical Effects in Kerr-Newmann Geometries". Physical Review Letters. 35 (7): 463. Bibcode:1975PhRvL..35..463D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.35.463.
  14. ^ R. Ruffini; et al. (2008). "Gamma Ray Bursts". Proceedings XI Marcel Grossmann Meeting. World Scientific.
  15. ^ Artist's rendition of a black hole (1971)
  16. ^ a b Battersby, Stephen. Big Bang glow hints at funnel-shaped Universe New Scientist, 2004 04 15
  17. ^ The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science Vol. XXXVI, Taylor & Francis, 1893, p. 24. "It is thus obvious that according to the ordinary conception we can assert no more than that the potential energy belongs to the system, that this conception therefore involves no localization of the energy in the system, and consequently no erroneous localization."
  18. ^ Cassidy, David C.; Holton, Gerald; Rutherford, F. James. Understanding Physics Springer, 2002, p. 239. "We must conclude that the potential energy belongs not to one body, but to the whole system of interacting bodies involved! This is evident in the fact that the potential energy gained is available to any one or to all of these interacting bodies."
  19. ^ "Gravity Research Foundation". Gravity Research Foundation. Retrieved 2020-09-03.
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