The RAD750 is a radiation-hardened single-board computer manufactured by BAE Systems Electronics, Intelligence & Support.[1] The successor of the RAD6000, the RAD750 is for use in high-radiation environments experienced on board satellites and spacecraft.[2] The RAD750 was released in 2001, with the first units launched into space in 2005.[1][3]
 The RAD750 | |
| General information | |
|---|---|
| Launched | 2001 |
| Designed by | IBM |
| Common manufacturer | |
| Performance | |
| Max. CPU clock rate | 110 MHz to 200 MHz |
| Cache | |
| L1 cache | 32 KB instruction + 32 KB data |
| Architecture and classification | |
| Application | Radiation-hardened |
| Technology node | 250 nm to 150 nm |
| Microarchitecture | PowerPC 750 |
| Instruction set | PowerPC v.1.1 |
| Physical specifications | |
| Cores |
|
| History | |
| Predecessor | RAD6000 |
| Successor | RAD5500 |
Technology
editThe CPU has 10.4 million transistors, an order of magnitude more than the RAD6000 (which had 1.1 million).[3] It is manufactured using either 250 or 150 nm photolithography and has a die area of 130 mm2.[1] It has a core clock of 110 to 200 MHz and can process at 266 MIPS or more.[1] The CPU can include an extended L2 cache to improve performance.[3] The CPU can withstand an absorbed radiation dose of 2,000 to 10,000 grays (200,000 to 1,000,000 rads), temperatures between −55 °C and 125 °C, and requires 5 watts of power.[1][3] The standard RAD750 single-board system (CPU and motherboard) can withstand 1,000 grays (100,000 rads), temperatures between −55 °C and 70 °C, and requires 10 watts of power.[3]
The RAD750 system has a price that is comparable to the RAD6000, the latter of which as of 2002 was listed at US$200,000 (equivalent to $338,797 in 2023).[4] Customer program requirements and quantities, however, greatly affect the final unit costs.[citation needed]
The RAD750 is based on the PowerPC 750.[1] Its packaging and logic functions are completely compatible with the PowerPC 7xx family.[3]
The term RAD750 is a registered trademark of BAE Systems Information and Electronic Systems Integration Inc.[5]
Deployment
editIn 2010, it was reported that there were over 150 RAD750s used in a variety of spacecraft.[6] Notable examples,[2] in order of launch date, include:
- Deep Impact comet-chasing spacecraft, launched in January 2005 – first to use the RAD750 computer.[2]
- XSS 11, small experimental satellite, launched 11 April 2005.[2]
- Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, launched 12 August 2005.[2]
- SECCHI (Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation) instrument package[7] on each of the STEREO spacecraft, launched 15 October 2006.
- WorldView-1 satellite, launched 18 September 2007, has two RAD750s.[6]
- Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, formerly GLAST, launched 11 June 2008.
- Kepler space telescope, launched in March 2009.[2]
- Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, launched on 18 June 2009.
- Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), launched 14 December 2009.[8]
- Solar Dynamics Observatory, launched 11 February 2010.
- Juno spacecraft, launched 5 August 2011.[9]
- Curiosity rover, launched 26 November 2011.[10]
- Van Allen Probes, launched on 30 August 2012.[11]
- InSight, launched on 5 May 2018.[12]
- Perseverance rover, launched 30 July 2020.[13]
- James Webb Space Telescope, launched 25 December 2021, uses one RAD750 clocked at 118 MHz.[14]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f "RAD750 radiation-hardened PowerPC microprocessor" (PDF). BAE Systems. 2008-07-01. Retrieved 2009-04-27.
- ^ a b c d e f "RAD750". Ball Aerospace & Technologies. Archived from the original on 2007-07-11. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
- ^ a b c d e f L. Burchin (2002-12-04), "Rad750 experience: The challenge of SEE hardening a high performance commercial processor MRQW 2002" (PDF), Microelectronics Reliability and Qualification Workshop, Manhattan Beach, CA: BAE Systems, archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-26, retrieved 2009-04-30.
- ^ "BAE Systems moves into third generation rad-hard processors". Military & Aerospace Electronics. 2002-05-01. Retrieved 2009-04-30.
- ^ "RAD750". Logos Database. Retrieved 2013-02-18.
USPTO serial number 75894617
- ^ a b "BAE RAD750 Radiation-Hardened SBCs Control WorldView-1 Satellite". EDA Geek. 2007-10-17. Archived from the original on 2008-12-04. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
- ^ The STEREO Mission. Springer. 2008-07-18. ISBN 9780387096483. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
- ^ BAE Systems Space Computer Gives Wisdom To The WISE, spacedaily.com, 2009-12-22.
- ^ "Juno Launch Press Kit" (PDF). NASA. August 2011. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
- ^ NASA Launches Most Capable and Robust Rover to Mars Archived 2021-03-03 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Van Allen Probes Launch.
- ^ Preview of the InSight Mars launch.
- ^ "The Mars 2020 Rover's Brains". NASA. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
- ^ McComas, David. "Lessons from 30 Years of Flight Software" (PDF). NTRS - NASA Technical Reports Server.
External links
edit- Radiation-Hardened Processors Products from BAE Systems
- BAE Systems’ Radiation-hardened electronics product guide (PDF), from BAE Systems
- BAE Systems RAD750 processor JTAG Emulator from Corelis.com
- The CPUs of Spacecraft Computers in Space
- NASA’s latest Mars rover has the same processor as an iMac from 1998