The Qulonggongba Formation is a Late Triassic (Norian) geologic formation in southern Tibet, near to the border with Nepal, that is part of the Langjiexue Group.[3] It would have been a marine environment.[4]
| Qulonggongba Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Norian, ~ | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Unit of | Langjiexue Group |
| Underlies | Qudenggongba Formation & Derirong Formation |
| Overlies | Tulong Group |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Mudstone[1] |
| Other | Siltstone, sandstone, limestone[1] |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 25°30′N 104°54′E / 25.5°N 104.9°E |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 11°42′N 94°12′E / 11.7°N 94.2°E |
| Region | Southern Tibet |
| Country |  China |
| Extent | Nyalam, Tingri[1] |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Cholung Gompa |
| Named by | Qingge Gu |
| Location | Longjiang Xishan, 2 km west of Longjiang Village, southern Tingri[2] |
| Year defined | 1965 |
  Qulonggongba Formation (China)  Qulonggongba Formation (Tibet) | |
Vertebrate fauna edit
Reptiles edit
| Genus | Species | Material | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Himalayasaurus | H. tibetensis[4] | Fragmentary skeletons | A gigantic ichthyosaur |
Cartilaginous fish edit
| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hybodontidae gen. indet. | Indeterminate[3] |
Conodonts edit
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epigondolella | E. multidentata[5] | Tulong, Tingri | Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone | |
| Metapolygnathus | Indeterminate[6] |
Invertebrates edit
Ammonites edit
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acanthinites | Indeterminate[2] | Sūrè Shan | Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone | A ceratitid |
| Ammotibetites | A. wheeleri[2] | Longjiang Xishan | A ceratitid | |
| Anasibirites | A. kingianus[5] | Tulong | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | A ceratitid |
| Anatibetites | Indeterminate[5] | Longjiang Xishan, Tulong | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | A ceratitid |
| Anatomites | A. ex gr. "sissi"[2] | Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan, Tulong | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | A ceratitid |
| Indeterminate[5] | Tulong, Tingri | Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone | ||
| Arcestes | Indeterminate[2] | Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan | A ceratitid | |
| Cladiscites | Indeterminate[2] | Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | A ceratitid |
| Cosmonautilus | Indeterminate[2] | Sūrè Shan | A nautilid | |
| Cyrtopleurites | C. cf. agrippinae[2] | Longjiang Xishan | A ceratitid | |
| Indeterminate[5] | Tulong, Tingri | Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone | ||
| Dimorphites | Indeterminate[5] | Tulong, Tingri | Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone | A ceratitid |
| Discophyllites | Indeterminate[2] | Longjiang Xishan | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | An ammonitid |
| Dittmarites | D. lilliformis[2] | Longjiang Xishan | A ceratitid | |
| Ectolcites | E. cf. hollandi[2] | Longjiang Xishan | A ceratitid | |
| Gonionotites | Indeterminate[2] | Longjiang Xishan | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | A ceratitid |
| Griesbachites | G. pseudomedleyanus[2] | Longjiang Xishan, Tulong | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | A ceratitid |
| Indeterminate[2][5] | Longjiang Xishan, Tulong | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | ||
| Guembelites | G. jandianus[5] | Longjiang, Tulong | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | A ceratitid |
| G. philostrati[2] | Longjiang Xishan, Tulong | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | ||
| Halorites | Indeterminate[2] | Sūrè Shan | A ceratitid | |
| ?Hauerites | Indeterminate[2] | Longjiang Xishan | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | A ceratitid |
| Indojuvavites | I. angulatus[2] | Kagangla Pass, Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan, Tulong | Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone | A ceratitid |
| Juvavites | J. cf. subinterruptus[5] | Tulong | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | A ceratitid |
| J. continuus[5] | Tulong, Tingri | Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone | ||
| J. sarasinii[5] | Tulong, Tingri | Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone | ||
| Megaphyllites | Indeterminate[2] | Sūrè Shan | A ceratitid | |
| Metacarnites | Indeterminate[2] | Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan | A ceratitid | |
| "M. xizangensis"[5] | Tulong, Tingri | Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone | ||
| ?Mirojuvavites | "M. xizangensis"[5] | Tulong, Tingri | Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone | A ceratitid |
| Parajuvavites | Intermediate[2] | Longjiang Xishan | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | A ceratitid |
| ?Parathisbites | Indeterminate[2] | Sūrè Shan | A ceratitid | |
| Paratibetites | P. adolphi[2] | Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan | A ceratitid | |
| ?P. tornquisti[2] | Longjiang Xishan | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | ||
| Indeterminate[5] | Tulong, Tingri | Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone | ||
| Pinacoceras | Indeterminate[2] | Longjiang Xishan | A ceratitid | |
| Placites | P. cf. oldhami[2] | Longjiang Xishan | A ceratitid | |
| Indeterminate[2] | Sūrè Shan | |||
| Stenarcestes | Indeterminate[2] | Longjiang Xishan | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | A ceratitid |
| ?Thisbites | Indeterminate[2] | Longjiang Xishan | A ceratitid | |
| Tibetites | T. ryalli[2] | Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan | A ceratitid | |
| Indeterminate[2] | Longjiang Xishan |
Bivalves edit
| Genus | Species | Location (section) | Stratigraphic position | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burmesia | B. lirata[5] | Tulong | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | Member of Anomalodesmata |
| Cardita | Indeterminate[2] | Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan | ||
| Cassianella | Indeterminate[2] | Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan | Member of Ostreida | |
| Halobia | Indeterminate[2] | Longjiang Xishan, Tulong | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | Member of Ostreida |
| H. cf. distincta[5] | Tulong | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | ||
| H. sirri[5] | Tulong | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | ||
| H. cf. jagelskyi[5] | Tulong | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | ||
| Indopecten | I. margariticostatus[2] | Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan, Tulong | Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone | A scallop |
| I. himalayensis[5] | Tulong | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | ||
| ?Lima | Indeterminate[2] | Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan | A file shell | |
| Monotis | M. salinaria[2] | Longjiang Xishan | Member of Pectinida | |
| Myophoricardium | M. tulongense[5] | Tulong, Tingri | Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone | Member of Carditida |
| ?Nucula | Indeterminate[2] | Longjiang Xishan | A nut clam | |
| ?Palaeocardia | "P. singularis"[5] | Tulong, Tingri | Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone | |
| "P. rhomboidalis"[5] | Tulong, Tingri | Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone | ||
| Palaeoneilo | P. cf. tirolensis[2] | Sūrè Shan | A nuculanid | |
| Palaeonucula | P. strigilata[5] | Tulong, Tingri | Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone | A nuculanid |
| P. subaequilatera tswayensis[5] | Tulong, Tingri | Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone | ||
| "P. timorensis"[5] | Tulong, Tingri | Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone | ||
| Pecten | Indeterminate[2] | Sūrè Shan | A scallop | |
| Pleuromya | P. himaica[2] | Longjiang Xishan | Member of Myida | |
| Schafhaeutlia | Indeterminate[2] | Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan | A hatchet shell | |
| Unionites | U. griesbachi[2] | Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan | Member of Unionida | |
| Veteranella | V. (Ledoides) langnongensis[5][7] | Tulong, Tingri | Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone | A nuculanid |
Brachiopods edit
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eoseptaliphoria | E. intorta[5] | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | A rhynchonellid | |
| E. tulungensis[5] | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone | |||
| "Himalarhynchia" | "H. media"[5] | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone |
||
| Nudirostralina | N. griesbachi[5] | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | A rhynchonellid | |
| Pseudolepismatina | P. nyalamensis[5] | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | Member of Rhynchonellata | |
| Tibetothyris | T. depressa[5] | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone | Member of Terebratulida | |
| Spiriferina | S. shalshalensis[5] | Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone |
Member of Rhynchonellata |
References edit
- ^ a b c Meng, Z.; Wang, J.; Ji, W.; Zhang, H.; Wu, F.; Garzanti, E. (2019). "The Langjiexue Group is an in situ sedimentary sequence rather than an exotic block:Constraints from coeval Upper Triassic strata of the Tethys Himalaya (Qulonggongba Formation)". Science China Earth Sciences. 62 (5): 783–797. doi:10.1007/s11430-018-9314-9.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq Gu, Q. (1965). 西藏定日海相三迭纪地层 [Triassic marine strata in Tingri, Tibet]. Geological Review (in Chinese (China)). 23 (4): 256–262.
- ^ a b M.-M. Chang and F. Jin. (1996). Mesozoic fish faunas of China. In G. Arriata & G. Viohl (ed.), Mesozoic Fishes - Systematics and Paleoecology 1:461-478
- ^ a b Dong, Z.-M. (1972). 珠穆朗玛峯地区的鱼龙化石 [An ichthyosaur fossil from the Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) region]. In Young, C. C.; Dong, Z.-M. (eds.). 中国三迭纪水生爬行动物 [Aquatic Reptiles from the Triassic of China]. Memoirs of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (in Chinese (China)). Vol. 9. pp. 7–10.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Zou, G.; Mao, Q.; Chen, Y.; Rao, R. (2006). 西藏南部珠穆朗玛峰地区三叠纪生物地层研究 [A Research into Triassic Biostratigraphy of the Qomolongma Area in Southern Xizang (Tibet)]. Geological Review (in Chinese (China)). 52 (3): 386–395, 439–440.
- ^ An, X.; Zhang, Y.; Zhu, T.; Zhang, Y.; Yuan, D.; Li, J. (2020). "Stable Carbon Isotope Perturbations Recorded in Triassic Tulong Group-Qulonggongba Formation of South Tibet". Earth Science (in Chinese (China)). 45 (8): 2964–2977. doi:10.3799/dqkx.2020.085.
- ^ Z. J. Fang, J. H. Chen, C. Z. Chen, J. G. Sha, X. Lan and S. Z. Wen. (2009). Supraspecific taxa of the Bivalvia first named, described, and published in China (1927-2007). The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, New Series.