Pyrrosia eleagnifolia, commonly known as the leather-leaf fern, or ota in Māori, is a climbing fern endemic to New Zealand. P. eleagnifolia has thick, fleshy rounded leaves, and grows both on the ground and as an epiphyte.
| Pyrrosia eleagnifolia | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Polypodiales |
| Suborder: | Polypodiineae |
| Family: | Polypodiaceae |
| Genus: | Pyrrosia |
| Species: | P. eleagnifolia
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| Binomial name | |
| Pyrrosia eleagnifolia (Bory) Hovenkamp
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| Synonyms | |
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Name
editThis species was originally confused with Pyrrosia serpens, a Pacific species. The name eleagnifolia refers to the leaf appearance, and comes from elaeagnus (olive) and folium (leaf).[1]
Description
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Leather-leaf fern has thick, undivided fronds that are rounded and extremely variable in length – they can be long and thin, up to 20 cm in length, or short and broad (2 cm, rarely 3 cm wide).[1] The fronds grow on long creeping rhizomes. Sterile fronds are generally shorter and broader than fertile ones. The fronds are thick and leathery, smooth and rounded, with blunt ends. They are dark green above and abundantly covered with light-brown irregularly-branched hairs underneath.[2]
Distribution
editP. eleagnifolia is found throughout New Zealand, from the Kermadecs through to Stewart Island and the Chatham Islands.[2] It is a very adaptable and durable species, able to tolerate dry conditions, and grows either as an epiphyte on trees (native or introduced) or rocks, from the coast to the mountains.[2] It is less common in the south of New Zealand, especially in Central Otago.[1]
Ecology
editPests and diseases
editLarvae from several moth species have been observed feeding on the leaves and sori of P. eleagnifolia. These include Sarisa muriferata, Calicotis crucifera, Philocryptica polypodii, Apoctena taipana, Eudonia zophochlaena, Scoparia illota and Scoparia molifera.[3]
References
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- ^ a b c "Pyrrosia eleagnifolia (Bory) Hovenkamp". Flora of New Zealand. Landcare Research. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
- ^ a b c Brownsey, Patrick J.; Smith-Dodsworth, John C. (1989). New Zealand Ferns and Allied Plants. Auckland: David Bateman. p. 66. ISBN 1869530039.
- ^ Patrick, Brian H. (2015-07-01). "Leather-leaf fern's moth fauna". The Weta. 49: 23–27.