Putinisation, a term popularised by Martin Schulz, President of the European Parliament, is a perceived movement away from liberal democracy in certain Eastern European countries in imitation of the regime of Vladimir Putin in Russia. The process of reforming from an authoritarian rule to a liberal democracy is known as deputinisation.[1]
Background
editPoland
editIn January 2016, Schulz used the term to characterise the Constitutional Court crisis then engulfing Poland, warning of a "dangerous Putinisation of European politics".[2] This referred to actions by the ruling Polish Law and Justice (PiS) attempts to change the makeup and voting rules of the Constitutional Court. Protesters against the reforms carried banners reading “We say no to being Putinized!”[3] The BBC's Newsnight programme subsequently broadcast a segment asking 'Is Poland being Putinised?' which drew complaints from the Polish Foreign Ministry.[4] The claims of "Putinisation" in Poland has been controversial, unlike other right-wing populist parties in Europe, the PiS have longtime of anti-Russian policy stances.
Beyond Poland
editThe term has also been used to describe the national populist regime of Hungary's Viktor Orbán[5][6] and the attempts by Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan to increase the power of the presidency.[7] It has also been applied to an "intensifying campaign" against human rights organisations in Israel by the government of Benjamin Netanyahu.[8]
The Georgian Human Rights Centre has complained of the "Putinization" of media outlets in Georgia in the mid 2000s.[9]
Piotr Pietrzak uses the term "Putinization" to describe the phenomenon of the spread of authoritarianism and the erosion of democracy in countries influenced by Russian foreign policy. He argues that Putinization is a deliberate strategy employed by Russia to expand its sphere of influence and undermine democratic norms and institutions in other countries.[10]
In his analysis, Pietrzak identifies several tactics used by Russia to promote Putinization, including the spread of disinformation and propaganda, the use of economic pressure and influence, and support for anti-democratic forces and leaders.
This work on Putinization highlights the ongoing challenges facing democracy and human rights in the international community. By examining the strategies and tactics used by authoritarian regimes to undermine democratic institutions, he provides important insights into the current state of international relations and the challenges facing those working to promote democracy and human rights.[11]
Deputinisation
editRussia
editSince the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the concept of deputinising Russia has become more recognised and advocated for. Specifically, it entails putting an end to Putin's political influence completely, demilitarising Russia, and reducing the power of Russian oligarchs.[1][12] Petro Poroshenko, the former president of Ukraine, has called for the world to "stop Russian exports not only in the EU, UK, and US, but also in other nations."[13]
Beyond Russia
editLatvian minister Artis Pabriks has suggested that all of Europe must deputinise to "break free from Russia's influence," beginning with Ukraine joining the European Union.[14]
See also
edit- Illiberal democracy – System of governance
- Populism – Political philosophy
- Democratic backsliding – National decline in democracy
- Presidency of Vladimir Putin – Government of Russia since 1999
- Putinism – Political system in Russia
References
edit- ^ a b Motyl, Alexander (May 16, 2021). "Russia's coming deputinization". Facts & Arts. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
- ^ Cendrowicz, Leo (January 17, 2016). "Polish leaders defend reforms as EU warns of 'dangerous Putinisation of European politics'". The Independent. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
- ^ "Demonstrations take place across Poland against "Putinization"". The Budapest Beacon. January 24, 2016. Archived from the original on August 16, 2016. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
- ^ Jackson, Jasper (February 10, 2016). "Poland protests against BBC 'Putinisation' report". The Guardian. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
- ^ "The Putinization of Hungary". The Washington Post. December 26, 2010. Archived from the original on January 19, 2011. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
- ^ Willy, Craig (January 18, 2016). "Towards a Putinisation of Central Europe?". EU Observer. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
- ^ Sevalneva, Maria (18 June 2015). "Why the "Putinization" of Turkey Has Failed". Institute of Modern Russia. Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
- ^ Shatz, Adam (February 18, 2016). "Israel's Putinisation". London Review of Books. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
- ^ Kevanishvili, Eka; Papuashvili, Simon (2008). Daniëls, Wieteke; Nanuashvili, Ucha (eds.). "Putinization of Georgia: Georgian Media after the Rose Revolution" (PDF). HumanRights.ge. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 13, 2008. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
- ^ Pietrzak, Piotr. (2022) "The Putinization of the situation of women and children during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine" In Statu Nascendi https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Piotr-Pietrzak-7/publication/367964656_The_Putinization_of_the_situation_of_women_and_children_during_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine/links/63db5dc462d2a24f92e9f10e/The-Putinization-of-the-situation-of-women-and-children-during-the-2022-Russian-invasion-of-Ukraine.pdf
- ^ Pietrzak, Piotr (2022). "The international community’s response to the Putinization of the situation in Ukraine" https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2022/12/22/the-international-communitys-response-to-the-putinization-of-the-situation-in-ukraine/
- ^ Przywara, Karol; Kowal, Paweł (March 1, 2022). "De-Putinisation. The politics of justice". New Eastern Europe. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
- ^ Patrick, Holly (May 6, 2022). "Former Ukrainian president calls for 'de-Putinisation' of Russia". Independent.co.uk. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
- ^ Ogres (March 22, 2022). "Latvian minister: Europe should implement «deputinisation»". Ogres Ziņas. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
