Protororqualus is a genus of extinct rorqual from the late Pliocene (Piacenzian, 3.6 to 2.6 Ma) of Mount Pulgnasco, Italy (45°06′N 9°42′E / 45.1°N 9.7°E: paleocoordinates 45°00′N 9°36′E / 45.0°N 9.6°E).[1]
| Protororqualus Temporal range: Pliocene,
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| Skeleton | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Artiodactyla |
| Infraorder: | Cetacea |
| Family: | Balaenopteridae |
| Genus: | †Protororqualus Bisconti 2007 |
| Species | |
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†P. cuverii [originally Balaena] (type) | |
The analysis made by Bisconti 2007 identified Protororqualus as a late representative of the rorquals which survived in the Mediterranean at least until the late Pliocene. This would indicate that the Mediterranean basin played a vital role in preserving primitive rorquals while more derived forms established themselves in other oceans.
Anatomy edit
The Mount Pulgnasco specimen represents an early rorqual that fed differently from modern species. Compared to the laterally bowed dentaries of the latter, its dentary is more straight, which should have made it impossible to perform the intermittent ram feeding seen in modern rorquals. Another primitive character is that the anterior border of the supraoccipital is triangular and pointed like in Miocene Cetotheriidae.[2]
Taxonomic history edit
The type species, Protorqualus cuvierii, was originally described in 1829 as a species of Balaena,[3] but later transferred to the Belgian genus Plesiocetus.[4] Following synonymy of Plesiocetus with Balaenoptera, B. cuvieri was considered a species of Balaenoptera,[5] although some authors treated it as a species of Cetotherium.[6] Later work, however, showed that the Mount Pulgnasco skeleton was generically distinct from other fossil and extant rorquals to warrant its own genus.[7]
References edit
Notes edit
- ^ "Monte Pulgnasco (Pliocene of Italy)". Paleobiology Database.
- ^ Bisconti 2009, p. 154
- ^ Fischer 1829
- ^ Van Beneden 1875; Van Beneden & Gervais 1868
- ^ Kellogg 1928; Kellogg 1931; Deméré 1986; Deméré, Berta & McGowen 2005
- ^ Cuscani Politi 1961
- ^ Bisconti 2007
Sources edit
- Bisconti, M. (2007). "Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic relationships of the rorqual-like mysticete from the Pliocene of Mount Pulgnasco, northern Italy (Mammalia, Cetacea, Mysticeti)". Palaeontographica Italica. 91: 85–108.
- "M. Bisconti 2007". The Paleobiology Database.
- Bisconti, M. (2009). "Taxonomy and evolution of the Italian Pliocene Mysticeti (Mammalia, Cetacea): a state of the art" (PDF). Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana. 48 (2): 147–156.
- Cuscani Politi, P. (1961). "Ancora una nuova specie di Balaenula pliocenica con considerazioni introducttive su alcuni misticeti dei nostri musei". Accademia dei Fisiocritici di Siena. Sezione Agraria. 8: 3–31.
- "P. Cuscani Politi 1961". The Paleobiology Database.
- Deméré, T. (1986). "The fossil whale, Balaenoptera davidsonii (Cope 1872), with a review of other Neogene species of Balaenoptera (Cetacea: Mysticeti)". Marine Mammal Science. 2 (4): 277–298. Bibcode:1986MMamS...2..277D. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1986.tb00136.x.
- "T. A. Deméré 1986". The Paleobiology Database.
- Deméré, T.; Berta, A.; McGowen, M. R. (2005). "The taxonomic and evolutionary history of modern balaenopteroid mysticetes". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 12 (1/2): 99–143. doi:10.1007/s10914-005-6944-3. S2CID 90231.
- "T. A. Deméré et al. 2005". The Paleobiology Database.
- Fischer, J. B. (1829). Synopsis Mammalium (in Latin). Stuttgardtiae, sumtibus J.G. Cottae. pp. 1–752.
- "J. B. Fischer 1829". The Paleobiology Database.
- Gray, J. E. (1864). "Notes on the Whalebone-Whales; with a Synopsis of the Species". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 14 (83): 345–353. doi:10.1080/00222936408681724.
- Kellogg, R. (1928). "The History of Whales-Their Adaptation to Life in the Water (Concluded)". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 3 (2): 174–208. doi:10.1086/394300. JSTOR 2808185. S2CID 85354593.
- "R. Kellogg 1928". The Paleobiology Database.
- Kellogg, R. (1931). "Pelagic mammals of the Temblor Formation of the Kern River region, California". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 19 (12): 217–397.
- "R. Kellogg 1931". The Paleobiology Database.
- Van Beneden, P. J. (1875). "Le squelette de la Baleine fossile du Musée de Milan". Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique. 2nd. 40 (12): 736–758.
- "P. J. Van Beneden 1875". The Paleobiology Database.
- Van Beneden, P. J.; Gervais, P. (1868). Ostéographie des cétacés vivants et fossiles, comprenant la description et l'iconographie du squelette et du système dentaire de ces animaux; ainsi que des documents relatifs à leur histoire naturelle. Paris: A. Bertrand. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.9521.
- "P. J. Van Beneden and P. Gervais 1868". Fossilworks.
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