Pristimantis simonbolivari is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Ecuador and known only from the region of its type locality, Cashca Totoras, Cordillera Occidental, in the Bolívar Province (central Ecuador).[1][3][4] The specific name simonbolivari honors Simón Bolívar.[2][4][5] Common name Simon's ground frog has been proposed for it.[3][4][5]
| Pristimantis simonbolivari | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Strabomantidae |
| Genus: | Pristimantis |
| Species: | P. simonbolivari
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| Binomial name | |
| Pristimantis simonbolivari | |
| Synonyms[3] | |
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Description edit
Adult males measure 16–19.2 mm (0.6–0.8 in) and adult females 18.5–22 mm (0.7–0.9 in) in snout–vent length.[2][4] The snout is short. The tympanum is visible but indistinct; no supratympanic fold is present. The finger tips are dilated into small pads that are less developed in the inner two fingers. The toe tips have small discs. No toe webbing or lateral fringes are present. Dorsal coloration is dark brown (females, sometimes with reddish tone) or reddish brown with darker spots (males). The venter is orange in males but dark brown to black with lighter spots in females. The iris is gray with a median horizontal brown streak.[2]
Habitat and conservation edit
Pristimantis simonbolivari inhabits humid montane forest and forest edge at 3,000–3,300 m (9,800–10,800 ft) above sea level.[1][2][4] Specimens have been found in leaf litter, under rotten logs, under moss growing on logs, and under rocks.[2] It is locally abundant. It is threatened by habitat loss and degradation caused by agriculture and logging.[1]
References edit
- ^ a b c d Luis A. Coloma; Santiago Ron; Diego Almeida (2004). "Pristimantis simonbolivari". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T56965A11548506. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T56965A11548506.en. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f Wiens, John J. & Coloma, Luis A. (1992). "A new species of the Eleutherodactylus myersi (Anura: Leptodactylidae) assembly from Ecuador". Journal of Herpetology. 26 (2): 196–207. doi:10.2307/1564862.
- ^ a b c Frost, Darrel R. (2023). "Pristimantis simonbolivari (Wiens and Coloma, 1992)". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
- ^ a b c d e Frenkel, C.; et al. (2022). Ron, S. R.; Merino-Viteri, A. & Ortiz, D. A. (eds.). "Pristimantis simonbolivari". Anfibios del Ecuador. Version 2022.0. Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ). Retrieved 16 February 2023.
- ^ a b Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael & Grayson, Michael (2013). The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians. Pelagic Publishing. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-907807-42-8.