Pristimantis orcesi is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to the Andes of central and northern Ecuador.[1][3][4] The specific name orcesi honors Gustavo Orcés, an Ecuadorian naturalist.[2][4][5] Common names Orces robber frog[4] and Bolivar robber frog have been proposed for this species.[3]
| Pristimantis orcesi | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Strabomantidae |
| Genus: | Pristimantis |
| Species: | P. orcesi
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| Binomial name | |
| Pristimantis orcesi (Lynch, 1972)
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| Synonyms[3] | |
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Description edit
Adult males measure 24–30 mm (0.9–1.2 in) and adult females 35–36 mm (1.4–1.4 in) in snout–vent length.[6] The snout is short and rounded. The tympanum is visible. The fingers and toes bear lateral fringes as well as discs at their tips. The dorsum is dark chocolate-brown or black with white warts. The venter is paler than the dorsum. The iris is deep chocolate-brown. Males have a vocal sac.[2][6]
Habitat and conservation edit
Pristimantis orcesi is associated with terrestrial bromeliads and rocks in dry páramo grassland at elevations of 3,160–3,800 m (10,370–12,470 ft) above sea level near small steams that retain some moisture.[6][4] Development is direct[1] (i.e., there is no free-living larval stage[7]). It is potentially threatened by feral cows and fire. It is known from the Llanganates and Sangay National Parks and its range overlaps with some other protected areas.[1]
References edit
- ^ a b c d Luis A. Coloma, Santiago Ron, Diego Cisneros-Heredia, Diego Almeida (2004). "Pristimantis orcesi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T56812A11536727. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T56812A11536727.en. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c Lynch, John D. (1972). "Two new species of frogs (Eleutherodactylus: Leptodactylidae) from the páramos of northern Ecuador". Herpetologica. 28 (2): 141–147. ISSN 0018-0831. JSTOR 3891093.
- ^ a b c Frost, Darrel R. (2022). "Pristimantis orcesi (Lynch, 1972)". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
- ^ a b c d Frenkel, C.; et al. (2018). Ron, S. R.; Merino-Viteri, A. & Ortiz, D. A. (eds.). "Pristimantis orcesi". Anfibios del Ecuador. Version 2019.0. Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ). Retrieved 10 May 2021.
- ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael & Grayson, Michael (2013). The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians. Pelagic Publishing. p. 158. ISBN 978-1-907807-42-8.
- ^ a b c Lynch, J. D. (1981). "Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in the Andes of northern Ecuador and adjacent Colombia". Miscellaneous Publication, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas. 72: 1–46.
- ^ Vitt, Laurie J. & Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. p. 166.