January
- January 10, 1861 - Florida secedes from the Union
- January 20, 1861 - Florida becomes a founding member of the Confederate States of America.
February
- February 13, 1899 - The coldest temperature in the state's history, –2°F (or −19°C), was recorded in Tallahassee
- February 20, 1864 - The Battle of Olustee, the largest Civil War conflict in Florida, was fought near Lake City
- February 20, 1962 - The first manned orbital mission, in Friendship 7, is launched from Cape Canaveral
March
- March 3, 1845 - Florida becomes the 27th state
- March 30, 1822 - The Florida Territory is created by the merger of East Florida and part of West Florida
April
- April 2, 1513 - Juan Ponce de León lands on the Florida coast
May
- May 5, 1961 - Alan Shepard becomes the first American in space when his Freedom 7 capsule is launched from Cape Canaveral
- May 5, 1979 - Florida's death penalty is reinstituted when John Spinkellink is executed in Starke
- May 6, 1851 - Dr. John Gorrie, a physician in Apalachicola, patented his ice-making machine, which would eventually lead to commercial ice making machines and the development of air conditioning
- May 24, 1965 - The Florida Legislature names the Asolo Theatre of the Ringling Museum in Sarasota as the official state theatre
June
- June 25, 1868 - Florida's congressional representation was restored after the Civil War
- June 29, 1931 - The hottest temperature in the state's history, 109°F (or 43°C), was recorded in Monticello
July
- July 10, 2005 - Hurricane Dennis strikes Florida
- July 17, 1821 - Ceremonies take place in Pensacola, transferring ownership of Florida from Spain to the United States, in accordance with the Adams–Onís Treaty
August
- August 13, 2004 - Hurricane Charley strikes Florida
- August 24, 1992 - Hurricane Andrew strikes Florida
- August 25, 2005 - Hurricane Katrina strikes Florida
September
- September 2, 1935 - The Labor Day Hurricane strikes Florida
- September 4, 2004 - Hurricane Frances strikes Florida
- September 10, 1960 - Hurricane Donna strikes the Florida Keys
- September 11, 1960 - Hurricane Donna strikes Florida again, near Naples
- September 16, 1928 - The Lake Okeechobee Hurricane strikes Florida
- September 16, 2004 - Hurricane Ivan strikes Florida
- September 18, 1926 - The Great Miami Hurricane strikes Florida
- September 20, 2005 - Hurricane Rita strikes Florida
- September 25, 2004 - Hurricane Jeanne strikes Florida
October
- October 4, 1995 - Hurricane Opal strikes Florida
- October 24, 2005 - Hurricane Wilma strikes Florida
November
- November 5, 1998 - Hurricane Mitch, now a tropical storm, strikes Florida
- November 5, 2004 - Florida voters approve a constitutional amendment establishing a state minimum wage
December
- December 8, 1824 - The first Presbyterian Church in Florida is incorporated in St. Augustine
- December 17, 1825 - The Cape Florida Lighthouse is completed
- December 17, 1897 - Henry Flagler begins steamship service from Miami to Nassau
- December 17, 1981 - Governor Bob Graham appoints the first female African-American judge in Florida, Leah Aleice Simms, as a County Judge for Dade County
- December 20, 1954 - The Fontainebleau Hotel on Miami Beach opens