Plane Island (French: Île Plane; Latin: Phalans Insula) also known as Piana[1] or Plana Island[2] and—in Tunisian Arabic—as Jaziret el-Monbasta[3] (Standard Arabic: الجزيرة المنبسطة, al-Jazira al-Munbasita), is a flat, rocky island in the Mediterranean Sea roughly 3.75 kilometers (2.3 mi) off Cape Farina, Tunisia.[4] It has a lighthouse.
Île Plane الجزيرة المنبسطة | |
|---|---|
 Plane Island, seen from the north in 2010 | |
  Plane Island | |
| Geography | |
| Coordinates | 37°10′53.8″N 10°19′42.3″E / 37.181611°N 10.328417°E |
| Administration | |
History edit
Plane Island is possibly the "Terapse"[5] or "Phalans Island" (Latin: Phalans Insula) of ancient geographers.[6]
During the Napoleonic Wars, an error in navigation caused Captain Charles Tyler to wreck the captured frigate L'Aigle on Plane Island in July 1798[7] while operating against the French and pirates in the area. All of the crew were saved, and Captain Tyler was not held liable for the loss.[8]
After the establishment of French control over Tunisia, Ernest Cosson studied the plant life on Plane Island in May, 1888.[9]
The Belgian ship Scheldepas ran aground off Plane Island on March 14, 1929. The crew was rescued by the British ship Tabarka.[10][11] The Greek ship Michael L. Embricios ran aground on Plane Island on November 22, 1931. 30 crew were rescued by the German ship Alaya.[12][13][14]
The sea lanes around Plane Island were mined by the Allies during the Second World War.[15] As part of Operation Retribution, the Allied blockade of Axis attempts to flee from occupied Tunisia to Sicily, HMS Lookout captured 13 Germans and Italians off Plane Island on 13 May 1943. A little later, HMS Laforey—en route from repairs in Malta—stopped by Plane Island, discovering 23 Axis soldiers and taking them prisoner.
Lighthouse edit
The island's lighthouse has the designation numbers ARLHS TUN-024, Admiralty E6414, and NGA 22056.[4]
It was erected by the French colonial authorities in 1888. It is a square tower with white and red bands, rising from its keeper's house. The tower stands 12 meters (39 ft) high. Its red lantern remains in use. It flashes twice every 10 seconds with a focal-plane height of 20 meters (65 ft); it is visible for 20–28 kilometers (11–15 nmi).[16]
Transportation edit
The island remains accessible only by boat. It is closed to the public.[4]
Gallery edit
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A French topological map of the Gulf of Tunis, showing Plane Island as Île Plane -
The view of Plane Island from Cape Farina's mountains to the west -
The view of Plane Island from Cape Farina's beach -
An aerial view from the east -
The lighthouse
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References edit
Citations edit
- ^ Taylor (1874), p. 18.
- ^ Francalanci & al. (1994), p. 74.
- ^ "7510: De Cap Blanc à Jaziret el Monbasta", Tunisia Nautical Charts, Tunis: Centre Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine Nationale, 2007. (in French)
- ^ a b c Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Tunisia". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
- ^ "E Cap Sidi el Mekkik", Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire, 2013.
- ^ De Graauw, Arthur (2018), "North Africa", The Catalogue of Ancient Ports & Harbours, Grenoble
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link). - ^ Nicholas (1997), p. 103.
- ^ Hepper (1994), p. 87.
- ^ SSNT (1967), p. 109.
- ^ "Casualty Reports", The Times, vol. 45143, London, 16 March 1929, p. 22
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link). - ^ "SS Scheldepas (+1929)". wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
- ^ "Casualty Reports", The Times, vol. 45987, London, 23 November 1931, p. 21
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link). - ^ "Greek Steamer Beached", The Times, vol. 45988, London, 24 November 1931, p. 20
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link). - ^ "The Michael L. Embiricos Refloated", The Times, vol. 45993, London, 30 November 1931, p. 23
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link). - ^ Playfair & al. (1966), p. 249.
- ^ Harrison, Tim; et al. (2018), "Ile Plane Light", Lighthouse Explorer, East Machias: FogHorn Publishing.
Bibliography edit
- Bulletin, vol. 6–8, Société des Sciences Naturelles de Tunisie, 1967. (in French)
- Francalanci, Giampiero; et al., eds. (1994), Lines in the Sea, Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, ISBN 0792328469.
- Hepper, David (1994), British Warship Losses in the Age of Sail, 1650–1859, Rotherfield: Jean Boudriot, ISBN 0-948864-30-3.
- Nelson, Horatio (1997), Nicolas, Nicholas Harris (ed.), The Dispatches and Letters of Lord Nelson, vol. III, Chatham.
- Playfair, Ian Stanley Ord; et al. (1966), The History of the Second World War: The Mediterranean and the Middle East, vol. IV, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
- Taylor, Alfred Dundas (1874), The India Directory..., Pt. I: The East Indies, and Interjacent Ports of Africa and South America..., London: Wm. H. Allen & Co.