This pinyin table is a complete listing of all Hanyu Pinyin syllables used in Standard Chinese. Each syllable in a cell is composed of an initial (columns) and a final (rows). An empty cell indicates that the corresponding syllable does not exist in Standard Chinese.
The below table indicates possible combinations of initials and finals in Standard Chinese, but does not indicate tones, which are equally important to the proper pronunciation of Chinese. Although some initial-final combinations have some syllables using each of the five different tones, most do not. Some utilize only one tone.
Pinyin entries in this page can be compared to syllables using the (unromanized) Zhuyin phonetic system in the Zhuyin table page.
Finals are grouped into subsets a, i, u and ü.
i, u and ü groupings indicate a combination of those finals with finals from Group a. Certain combinations are treated in a special way:
Group | Special combination | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
i | i + ê = ie | i + ou = iu | i + en = in | i + eng = ing | |
u | u + ei = ui | u + en = un | u + eng = ong | ||
ü | ü + ê = üe | ü + en = ün | ü + eng = iong |
Most syllables are a combination of an initial and a final. However, some syllables have no initials. This is shown in Pinyin as follows:
- if the syllable begins with an i, it is replaced with a y
- if the syllable begins with an u, it is replaced with a w
- if the syllable begins with an ü, it is replaced with yu
- exceptions to the rules above are indicated by yellow in the table's no initial column:
Note that the y, w, and yu replacements above do not change the pronunciation of the final in the final-only syllable. They are used to avoid ambiguity when writing words in pinyin. For example, instead of:
- "uan" and "ian" forming "uanian", which could be interpreted as:
- "uan-ian"
- "uan-i-an" or
- "u-en-i-an"
- the syllables are written "wan" and "yan" which results in the more distinct "wenyan"
There are discrepancies between the Bopomofo tables and the pinyin table due to some minor differences between the Mainland standard, putonghua, and the Taiwanese standard, guoyu, in the standard readings of characters. For example, the variant sounds 挼 (ruá; ㄖㄨㄚˊ), 扽 (dèn; ㄉㄣˋ), 忒 (tēi; ㄊㄟ) are not used in guoyu. Likewise the variant sound 孿 (lüán; ㄌㄩㄢˊ) is not recognized in putonghua, or it is folded into (luán; ㄌㄨㄢˊ). A few readings reflect a Standard Chinese approximation of a regionalism that is otherwise never encountered in either putonghua or guoyu. For instance, 覅 (fiào; ㄈㄧㄠˋ) is a borrowing from Shanghainese (and other dialects of Wu Chinese) that are commonly used, and are thus included in most large dictionaries, even though it is usually labeled as a nonstandard regionalism (方, short for 方言 (topolect)), with the local reading viau [vjɔ], which is approximated in Standard Chinese as fiào.
Overall table
editSyllables in italics are considered nonstandard, and only exist in the form of regionalisms, neologisms or slang.
Pinyin table | Initials | Pinyin table | |||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
∅ | b | p | m | f | d | t | n | l | g | k | h | j | q | x | zh | ch | sh | r | z | c | s | ||||
Group a Finals |
i | zhi | chi | shi | ri | zi | ci | si | i | Group a Finals | |||||||||||||||
a | a | ba | pa | ma | fa | da | ta | na | la | ga [note 1] |
ka | ha | zha | cha | sha | za | ca | sa | a | ||||||
o | o [note 2] |
lo [note 3] |
o | ||||||||||||||||||||||
e | e | me [note 4] |
de | te | ne | le | ge | ke | he | zhe | che | she | re | ze | ce | se | e | ||||||||
ê | ê [note 5] |
ê | |||||||||||||||||||||||
ai | ai | bai | pai | mai | fai [note 6] |
dai | tai | nai | lai | gai | kai | hai | zhai | chai | shai | zai | cai | sai | ai | ||||||
ei | ei [note 7] |
bei | pei | mei | fei | dei [note 8] |
tei [note 9] |
nei | lei | gei | kei [note 10] [table 1] |
hei | zhei [note 11] |
shei | zei | cei [note 12] |
sei [note 13] [table 1] |
ei | |||||||
ao | ao | bao | pao | mao | dao | tao | nao | lao | gao | kao | hao | zhao | chao | shao | rao | zao | cao | sao | ao | ||||||
ou | ou | pou [note 14] |
mou | fou | dou | tou | nou [note 15] |
lou | gou | kou | hou | zhou | chou | shou | rou | zou | cou | sou | ou | ||||||
an | an | ban | pan | man | fan | dan | tan | nan | lan | gan | kan | han | zhan | chan | shan | ran | zan | can | san | an | |||||
en | en | ben | pen | men | fen | den [note 16] |
nen | len [note 17] |
gen | ken | hen | zhen | chen | shen | ren | zen [note 18] |
cen [note 19] |
sen | en | ||||||
ang | ang | bang | pang | mang | fang | dang | tang | nang | lang | gang | kang | hang | zhang | chang | shang | rang | zang | cang | sang | ang | |||||
eng | eng [note 20] |
beng | peng | meng | feng | deng | teng | neng | leng | geng | keng | heng | zheng | cheng | sheng | reng | zeng | ceng | seng | eng | |||||
er | er | er | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Group i Finals |
i | yi | bi | pi | mi | di | ti | ni | li | ji | qi | xi | i | Group i Finals | |||||||||||
ia | ya | pia [note 21] |
dia [note 22] |
nia [note 23] [table 1] |
lia [note 24] |
jia | qia | xia | ia | ||||||||||||||||
io | yo [note 25] |
io | |||||||||||||||||||||||
ie (iê) |
ye | bie | pie | mie | die | tie | nie | lie | jie | qie | xie | ie (iê) | |||||||||||||
iai | yai [note 26] [table 1] |
iai | |||||||||||||||||||||||
iao | yao | biao | piao | miao | fiao [note 27] |
diao | tiao | niao | liao | jiao | qiao | xiao | iao | ||||||||||||
iu (iou) |
you | miu [note 28] |
diu | niu | liu | kiu [note 29] |
jiu | qiu | xiu | iu (iou) | |||||||||||||||
ian | yan | bian | pian | mian | dian | tian | nian | lian | jian | qian | xian | ian | |||||||||||||
in (ien) |
yin | bin | pin | min | din [note 30] |
nin | lin | gin [note 31] |
jin | qin | xin | in (ien) | |||||||||||||
iang | yang | biang [note 32] |
diang [note 33] [table 1] |
niang | liang | kiang [note 34] |
jiang | qiang | xiang | iang | |||||||||||||||
ing (ieng) |
ying | bing | ping | ming | ding | ting | ning | ling | ging [note 35] |
jing | qing | ing (ieng) | |||||||||||||
Group u Finals |
u | wu | bu | pu | mu | fu | du | tu | nu | lu | gu | ku | hu | zhu | chu | shu | ru | zu | cu | su | u | Group u Finals | |||
ua | wa | gua | kua | hua | zhua | chua [note 36] |
shua | rua [note 37] |
ua | ||||||||||||||||
uo | wo | bo | po | mo | fo | duo | tuo | nuo | luo | guo | kuo | huo | zhuo | chuo | shuo | ruo | zuo | cuo | suo | uo | |||||
uai | wai | guai | kuai | huai | zhuai [note 38] |
chuai [note 39] |
shuai | uai | |||||||||||||||||
ui (uei) |
wei | dui | tui | nui [note 40] |
gui | kui | hui | zhui | chui | shui | rui | zui | cui | sui | ui (uei) | ||||||||||
uan | wan | duan | tuan | nuan | luan | guan | kuan | huan | zhuan | chuan | shuan | ruan | zuan | cuan | suan | uan | |||||||||
un (uen) |
wen | pun [note 41] |
dun | tun | nun [note 42] |
lun | gun | kun | hun | zhun | chun | shun | run | zun | cun | sun | un (uen) | ||||||||
uang | wang | duang [note 43] |
guang | kuang | huang | zhuang | chuang | shuang | uang | ||||||||||||||||
ong (ueng) |
weng | dong | tong | nong | long | gong | kong | hong | zhong | chong | rong | zong | cong | song | ong (ueng) | ||||||||||
ong [note 44] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Group ü Finals |
ü | yu | nü | lü | ju | qu | xu | ü | Group ü Finals | ||||||||||||||||
üe | yue | nüe | lüe | jue | que | xue | üe | ||||||||||||||||||
üan | yuan | lüan [note 45] [table 1] |
juan | quan | xuan | üan | |||||||||||||||||||
ün (üen) |
yun | lün [note 46] |
jun | qun | xun | ün (üen) | |||||||||||||||||||
iong (üeng) |
yong | jiong [note 47] |
qiong | xiong | iong (üeng) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Pinyin table | ∅ | b | p | m | f | d | t | n | l | g | k | h | j | q | x | zh | ch | sh | r | z | c | s | Pinyin table | ||
Initials |
- Color Legend:
"regular" initial or final Final is in Group a or is a direct combination of:
- i+Group a final
- u+Group a final
- ü+Group a final
Final of i, u, ü groups is a modified combination of: - i+Group a final
- u+Group a final
- ü+Group a final
syllable is direct combination of initial and final (or follows rules for no-initial syllables outlined at the top of the page) syllable is modified combination of initial and final
There are also a very small number of syllables consisting only of consonants: m (呣), n (嗯), ng (嗯), hm (噷), hng (哼).
Erhua contraction
editAdditional syllables in pinyin exist to represent the erhua phenomenon by combining the affected syllable with an -r ending, rather than transcribing 兒/儿 as a separate ér syllable. This can be seen as analogous to certain contractions in English such as "they're" in place of "they are".
Original characters | 那裡、那里 | 人緣、人缘 | 兒媳婦、儿媳妇 |
---|---|---|---|
Original pinyin | nàli | rényuán | érxífu |
Erhua characters | 那兒、那儿 | 人緣兒、人缘儿 | 兒媳婦兒、儿媳妇儿 |
Erhua pinyin | nàr | rényuánr | érxífur |
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ See 嘎.
- ^ See 哦.
- ^ See 咯.
- ^ See 麼.
- ^ See 誒.
- ^ See the neologism WiFi (wāifài).
- ^ See 欸.
- ^ See 得.
- ^ See 忒.
- ^ See 剋.
- ^ See 這.
- ^ See 𤭢.
- ^ See 塞 and the neologism C.
- ^ See 剖.
- ^ See 耨.
- ^ See 扽.
- ^ See 啉.
- ^ See 簪.
- ^ See 岑.
- ^ See 鞥.
- ^ See 啪.
- ^ See 嗲.
- ^ See 㖸.
- ^ See 倆.
- ^ See 唷.
- ^ See the Taiwan variant pronunciations of e.g. 厓, 崖, 睚, 啀.
- ^ See 𧟰.
- ^ See 謬.
- ^ See the neologism Q.
- ^ See 𨈖.
- ^ See the neologism ㄍㄧㄣ.
- ^ See 𰻞, biangbiang noodles and ㄅㄧㄤˋ.
- ^ See 噹.
- ^ See the neologism ㄎㄧㄤ.
- ^ See the neologism ㄍㄧㄥ.
- ^ See 欻.
- ^ See 挼.
- ^ See 拽.
- ^ See 揣.
- ^ See 捼.
- ^ See the neologism ㄆㄨㄣ.
- ^ See 黁.
- ^ See the neologism duang.
- ^ See the variant pronunciation of 唵.
- ^ See the Taiwan variant pronunciations of e.g. 孌, 攣, 孿, 臠, 癵.
- ^ See the Beijing variant pronunciation of 淋.
- ^ See 窘.
External links
edit- Standard Mandarin Pinyin Table The complete listing of all Pinyin syllables used in Standard Chinese, along with native speaker pronunciation for each syllable.
- Pinyin table Pinyin table, syllables are pronounced in all four tones.
- Pinyin Chart for Web Pinyin Chart for Web, every available tones in the Chinese language included.
- Pinyin Chart for iPad Pinyin Chart app for iPad, every available tone in the Chinese language included.
- Pinyin Chart for iPhone Pinyin Chart app for iPhone, every available tones in the Chinese language included.
- Pinyin Table for Android Pinyin Table for Android, every available tones in the Chinese language included.