The Phlegraean Fields red zone (Italian: zona rossa dei Campi Flegrei) is the area at greatest volcanic risk in the Phlegraean Fields, in Italy.[1]
The Phlegraean Fields is an area of volcanic calderas west of the city of Naples. It has existed for about 300,000 years, and about 39,000 years ago it was the scene of the largest known volcanic eruption ever occurred in Europe.[2] Its last major eruption took place in 1538.[3]
The red zone is the highest risk area in case of an eruption, mainly due to its exposure to pyroclastic flows, and in case of an impending eruption it must be quickly evacuated.[4] It entirely includes the comunes of Pozzuoli, Bacoli, Monte di Procida and Quarto, and part of the comunes of Giugliano in Campania, Marano di Napoli and Naples, with approximately 500,000 people to evacuate.[5]
A lower risk zone also exists, which is called the yellow zone and whose residents may have to be evacuated if the volcanic ash fall is too intense.[4] It includes several other municipalities, with a total population of 800,000 inhabitants.[5]
The area is subjected to bradyseismic phenomena (the rise or fall of the ground), whose intensity is used as an indicator of the level of underground geological activity.[6] The Protezione Civile provides specific alert levels according to the activity of the volcano, together with the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology.[7] The evacuation plan is triggered by the declaration of the "alarm" state and it is expected to be completed in 72 hours.[8]
See also
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References
edit- ^ "It's about to wake up: a dormant supervolcano in Italy is in an "extremely dangerous" state".
- ^ De Natale, Giuseppe; Troise, Claudia; Somma, Renato (23 July 2020). "The Volcanoes of Naples: how effectively mitigating the highest volcanic risk in the World?". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 20 (7). doi:10.5194/nhess-20-2037-2020.
- ^ "Italy's Supervolcano Shows Signs Of Seismic Unrest". Forbes.
- ^ a b "Italian supervolcano on 'verge of eruption' – potential disaster zone mapped". Daily Express.
- ^ a b "Naples earthquake, red and yellow zone map of Campi Flegrei: what it predicts".
- ^ "Italy plans for mass evacuation as quakes continue around supervolcano". The Guardian.
- ^ "Phlegrean Fields – What to know".
- ^ "National Plan of Civil Protection Phlegraean Fields". Protezione Civile.