Pharmaceutical bioinformatics

Pharmaceutical bioinformatics is a research field related to bioinformatics but with the focus on studying biological and chemical processes in the pharmaceutical area; to understand how xenobiotics interact with the human body and the drug discovery process.

Introduction

Whereas traditional bioinformatics is a wide subject it has a large focus on molecular biology, pharmaceutical bioinformatics more specifically targets chemical-biological interaction and exploratory focus of chemical and biological interactors using e.g. cheminformatics and chemometrics methods. Methods include, apart from many general bioinformatics methods, ligand-based modeling such as Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) and proteochemometrics, computer-aided molecular design, chembioinformatics databases, algorithms for chemical software, and biopharmaceutical chemistry including analyses of biological activity and other issues related to drug discovery.

In silico metabolism prediction

One of the major fields within pharmaceutical bioinformatics is the in silico metabolism prediction of drug candidates. This field is in turn divided into three tasks;

• Predicting the occurrence of an interaction between a compound and an enzyme,
• Predicting the location in the compound that takes part in the interaction, i.e. the site of metabolism (SOM),
• Predicting the outcome from the interaction, i.e. the resulting metabolite product.

There are several existing tools trying to solve these tasks, e.g. SMARTCyp and MetaPrint2D predicts the SOM for chemical compounds.

Software and tools

There are many software tools for pharmaceutical bioinformatics. An example of an open source tool is the Bioclipse workbench.

Conferences

One conference specific to Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics is "International Conference on Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics" (ICPB) (http://www.icpb.net)

Further reading

• Introduction to Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics, (ISBN 978-91-519-6000-5), Oakleaf Academic, 2020