Patrick Leslie (25 September 1815 – 12 August 1881) was a Scottish settler in Australia. Leslie and his two brothers (Walter and George) were the first to settle on the Darling Downs, and he was the first person to buy land in Warwick.
Patrick Leslie | |
|---|---|
 Patrick Leslie, 1877 | |
| Member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Moreton, Wide Bay, Burnett and Maranoa | |
| In office 19 November 1857 – 19 December 1857 | |
| Preceded by | Gordon Sandeman |
| Succeeded by | Seat abolished |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Patrick Leslie 25 September 1815 Warthill, Aberdeenshire, Scotland |
| Died | 12 August 1881 (aged 65) Sydney, Australia |
| Resting place | St Thomas’ Anglican Church Cemetery |
| Nationality | Scottish Australian |
| Spouse | Catherine Macarthur (m.1840 d.1894) |
| Relations | Hannibal Macarthur (father-in-law) |
| Occupation | Pioneer, Grazier, Politician |
Early life edit
Partick Leslie was born in Warthill, also known as Meikle Wartle[1] in Aberdeenshire on 25 September 1815. He was the second son of William and Jane Leslie. His father was the 8th Laird of Folla and 9th Laird of Warthill, JP, DL, 27th in line of descent from the 1st Baron of Balquhain.[2] The Leslies were members of the Church of Scotland.[3]
In December 1834, Leslie left London as a passenger aboard the convict transport Emma Eugenia, arriving in Sydney in May 1835. By 1836 he was managing Collaroi, a property owned by his uncle, Walter Stevenson Davidson, in the Cassilis district of New South Wales. Later on he rented Dunheved farm at Penrith. Leslie was a poor manager however, and his activities drew criticism from his uncle, who was forced to sell the property to his relations, E. W. T. Hamilton and George Clive, by 1840. Leslie was left deeply in debt to Davidson as a result of this episode.[4] When his brothers Walter and George arrived in the colony, Patrick decided to look for new land to the north.
Activity on the Darling Downs edit
In 1840 Patrick Leslie started with stock from a New England station, then the most northerly settled district in New South Wales, and squatted Toolburra and Canning Downs (at 28°13′35″S 152°03′57″E / 28.226419°S 152.065747°E), the first stations on the Condamine River, before the river had been identified as a tributary of the Darling River. Leslie met explorer Allan Cunningham at the home of Hannibal Hawkins Macarthur in Parramatta.[5] In 1840 Leslie, accompanied by a convict named Peter Murphy, followed in the footsteps of the explorer. On the return trip to Sydney he marked a trail by cutting into the trees. This became known as "Leslie’s marked tree line".[5]
On his return to Sydney Leslie married Catherine (Kate), daughter of Hannibal Hawkins Macarthur, at Parramatta on 9 September 1840. His best man at the wedding was Stuart Donaldson.[3] On 2 July 1840, the first head station was established by Walter Leslie at Toolburra. Walter and George Leslie then set about building a residence at Canning Downs.[5] Although the three Leslie brothers claimed all the land to the head of the Condamine River, including its tributaries, they were forced to give up most of the claim to new arrivals because of the requirement that all land claimed had to be adequately stocked.[5]
In 1841 Leslie and his wife travelled from Sydney to Brisbane aboard the Hunter River Steam Navigation Company steamer, Shamrock. They were then counted as the first family to make the journey from Brisbane to the Darling Downs.[6] By 1841 the Leslies had sold their interest in 'Toolburra' and moved to 'Canning Downs' which was managed by George and Walter Leslie. When the Leslies first settled on Canning Downs, they had 6000 sheep, two teams of bullocks and drays, one team of horses and a dray, 10 saddle horses, and 22 convict employees.[6] The task of building up the property during a time of depression proved too difficult and Patrick Leslie was ruined financially by 1844.[3]
In 1845 Leslie acquired 14 hectares of land in his father's name on the banks of Breakfast Creek, Brisbane and built Newstead House (27°26′33″S 153°02′46″E / 27.4426°S 153.0462°E),[7] where he lived while pasturing flocks at Canning Downs. In 1846 he acquired 'Goomburra' on the Darling Downs. Newstead House was sold to his brother-in-law, John Clements Wickham, the following year.[8]
In 1847 the Government of New South Wales asked Leslie to select a site for a town on Canning Downs station. It was to be known as Canningtown, the local Aborigines knew the area as Gooragooby, but the name Warwick was eventually chosen.[9] At the first land sale in Warwick 1848 Patrick Leslie bought the first allotment. Today much of the water supply for city of Warwick is drawn from Leslie Dam, and larger than life granite sculptures of and Patrick and Catherine Leslie are located in a park adjacent to the dam wall.
In 1851, Leslie also bought nearby Gladfield Station.[10]
In 1854 after selling Goomburra to Robert Tooth, Leslie left Australia with his wife and son and returned to Britain.[10]
Politics edit
Leslie was elected as member of the NSW Legislative Assembly for the seat of Moreton, Wide Bay, Burnett and Maranoa from 19 November to 19 December 1857,[3][11] when the parliament was dissolved. Leslie did not contest the 1858 election.[12]
New Zealand edit
Patrick Leslie and his family moved to New Zealand, arriving in Auckland on 20 October 1868. He purchased land in Waikato, where he established a productive farm and sheep stud at Wartle, just south of Hamilton, on New Zealand's North Island.[10] He sold his New Zealand holdings due to failing health in 1879, returning to Australia in his retirement.[13]
Retirement and death edit
In 1879 he retired to Milsons Point, Sydney, where he died on 12 August 1881 following a short illness. He was buried in plot 799[14] at St Thomas’ Anglican Church Cemetery in West Street, Crows Nest, Sydney. Leslie was survived by his wife, Catherine and four grandchildren.[10]
Legacy edit
The Leslie brothers are memorialised by a set of gates to Leslie Park in Warwick on the corner of Fitzroy and Guy Streets. These gates were taken from the Glengallan Homestead and re-erected in the Park to commemorate the centenary of the Leslie brothers establishing Canning Downs pastoral run.[15][16]
References edit
- ^ Meikle Wartle is located at 57°22′N 2°28′W / 57.36°N 02.46°W
- ^ George H. Graham. "William Leslie 1770". Archived from the original on 19 May 2006. Retrieved 20 August 2006.
- ^ a b c d Waller, K G T. "Leslie, Patrick (1815–1881)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISSN 1833-7538. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
- ^ "Davidson, Walter Stevenson (1785 - 1869)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Melbourne University Press. 1966. Archived from the original on 21 December 2006. Retrieved 22 August 2006.
- ^ a b c d Olwyn Mauch (1988). "History of freestone". The History and Memories of Freestone 1827 - 1988. Freestone Parents and Citizen’s Association 1988. Archived from the original on 19 August 2006. Retrieved 25 August 2006.
- ^ a b "Pioneering the Darling Downs - the Leslies". Jubilee History of Ipswich. 1910. Archived from the original on 21 August 2006. Retrieved 26 August 2006.
- ^ "Patrick Leslie (1815 - 1881)". State Library of New South Wales. Archived from the original on 21 August 2006. Retrieved 20 August 2006.
- ^ "Newstead House - History and Virtual Tour". Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2006.
- ^ "Warwick". Sydney Morning Herald. 2004. Archived from the original on 17 February 2007. Retrieved 26 August 2006.
- ^ a b c d "Castles Page 4". Clan Leslie Society of Australia and New Zealand. Archived from the original on 20 August 2006. Retrieved 27 August 2006.
- ^ "Mr Patrick Leslie (1815-1881)". Former members of the Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1858 Moreton, Wide Bay, Burnett and Maranoa". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- ^ Barrie Leslie (2001). "Downunder" (PDF). The Newsletter Of The Australian & New Zealand Branch Of Clan Leslie Society. Archived from the original on 12 March 2004. Retrieved 21 August 2006.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Australian Cemeteries Website". Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
- ^ "Patrick and George Leslie". Monument Australia. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
- ^ "Historic Gates". Warwick Daily News. Qld. 12 February 1941. p. 2. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2015 – via Trove.
- Favenc, Ernest. 1908. The Explorers of Australia and their Life-work. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited.
External links edit
- First Settler on the Darling Downs at Toowoomba City Council
- Patrick Leslie from The Explorers of Australia and their Life-work
- Newstead House website
- Clan Leslie Society
- Canning Downs still exists today.
- Photograph of Canning Downs in 1894
- Collection of hand written letters by Patrick Leslie to Sir Donald Maclean
- Colonial Secretary's papers 1822-1877, State Library of Queensland- includes digitised letters written by Leslie to the Colonial Secretary of New South Wales