Pantosaurus ("all lizard") is an extinct genus of plesiosaur from the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) of what is now Wyoming. It lived in what used to be the Sundance Sea. It was originally named Parasaurus ("near lizard") by Othniel Charles Marsh in reference to Plesiosaurus, but that name was preoccupied, and Marsh changed it.[1][2] The species Muraenosaurus reedii is in fact a junior synonym of Pantosaurus.[3] The holotype YPM 543 is a partial articulated skeleton, partially prepared to yield a distal humerus, four articulated carpals, a fragment of the coracoid, and several isolated cervical vertebrae from the Upper Member of the Sundance Formation. Other material includes USNM 536963, USNM 536965, UW 3, UW 5544 and UW 15938.[4]
| Pantosaurus Temporal range: Late Jurassic,
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Superorder: | †Sauropterygia |
| Order: | †Plesiosauria |
| Family: | †Cryptoclididae |
| Genus: | †Pantosaurus Marsh, 1893 |
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Description
editPantosaurus possesses between 35 and 40 cervical vertebrae, which are very similar in proportion and morphology to those of Muraenosaurus leedsii from the Oxford Clay Formation (Callovian, Middle Jurassic) of England. The forelimb of Pantosaurus however can be differentiated from that of Muraenosaurus, such as the relatively large size of the radius and the corresponding humerus-radius articulation. No Pantosaurus cranial material has yet been discovered.[3]
Palaeobiology
editThe discovery of an partially digested embryonic ichthyosaur (probably Baptanodon) inside of a fossil referable to Pantosaurus striatus was the first evidence of the consumption of ichthyosaurs by plesiosaurs.[5]
See also
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References
edit- ^ 0 C, Marsh (1891). "Geological horizons as determined by vertebrate fossils". American Journal of Science. 42: 336–338 – via Google scholar.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ 0 C, Marsh (1893). "Congress Geologique International". Compte Rendu de Ia 5me Session, Washington, D. C. 1891: 156–159 – via Google school.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b O'Keefe FR & Wahl W. (2003). "Current taxonomic status of the plesiosaur Pantosaurus striatus from the Upper Jurassic Sundance Formation, Wyoming". Paludicola. 4 (2): 37–46.
- ^ Benjamin C. Wilhelm (2010). Novel anatomy of cryptoclidid plesiosaurs with comments on axial locomotion (M.Sc. thesis). Huntington, West Virginia: Marshall University. pp. 1–76.
- ^ O'Keefe, F. Robin; Street, Hallie P.; Cavigelli, Jean Pierre; Socha, John J. & O'Keefe, R. Dennis (2009). "A plesiosaur containing an ichthyosaur embryo as stomach contents from the Sundance Formation of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (4): 1306–1310. doi:10.1671/039.029.0403. S2CID 40467872.