Pan Shu (13 July 1897 – 26 March 1988) was a Chinese psychologist. Born in Yixing, Jiangsu, he studied philosophy at Peking University from 1917 to 1920, before he traveled to the United States to attend Indiana University and the University of Chicago. Initially focused on education, he began studying psychology, achieving his doctorate in 1926. Upon his return to China the following year, he became a professor at what would become Nanjing University, where he oversaw the formation of a unified psychology department. He became president of the university in 1951, before transferring alongside its psychology department to the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 1956.
Pan Shu | |
|---|---|
| 潘菽 | |
 Pan in 1921 | |
| Born | Pan Younian July 13, 1897 Luping, Yixing, Fujian, Qing China |
| Died | March 26, 1988 (aged 90) |
| Academic background | |
| Education | Peking University, Indiana University, University of Chicago |
| Doctoral advisor | Harvey A. Carr |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Psychologist |
| Sub-discipline | Theoretical psychologist |
| Institutions | Nanjing University, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| Pan Shu | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 潘菽 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Pan served as the first president of the reestablished Chinese Psychological Society and developed a theory of psychology influenced by Marxism. He described psychology as an intermediary between natural and social sciences. Although psychological studies were repressed during the Cultural Revolution, Pan continued it in secret. He was active in the reconstruction of the field during the late 1970s, resuming his post as director of the CAS Institute of Psychology. He continued to serve as the president of the Chinese Psychological Society until 1984, when he became the society's honorary president. He continued to write until his death in 1988.
Biography
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On 13 July 1897, Pan Shu was born Pan Younian in the village of Luping in Yixing, Jiangsu. He was admitted to the philosophy department of Peking University in 1917, where he was influenced by the works of the American philosopher and psychologist John Dewey. After his graduation in 1920, he was sponsored to study aboard in the United States by his home province of Jiangsu; he entered Indiana University the following year.[1][2]
Pan initially studied education but, influenced by discussions with Chinese psychology students Cai Qiao and Guo Renyuan, switched his focus to psychology. After receiving his masters in 1923, Pan entered the University of Chicago, where he studied under Harvey A. Carr. While in the United States, he studied the perception of Chinese characters by Americans. He was awarded his doctorate in 1926, and returned to China the following year.[1][2]
Early academic career
editSoon after his return, Pan was appointed as an associate professor at National Central University in Nanjing. Psychology instruction at the university was initially divided into science and education-based units under the science faculty; in 1932, these were unified into a single psychology department under the education faculty. Pan was promoted to a professor and head of the new psychology department less than six months after joining the university.[3][4] In 1945, he co-founded the Chinese Association of Scientists while in Chongqing.[5]
Pan taught over ten courses, eschewing preexisting textbooks in favor of composing his own course materials. In 1949, the university was reorganized as Nanjing University, and Pan was appointed the chairman of its administrative committee. In 1951, the committee leadership was scrapped, and he became the president of the university.[3] He was elected as the first president of the Chinese Psychological Society after its reestablishment in 1955; he would be reelected to the position for three terms.[5]
Cultural Revolution and aftermath
editMany Chinese universities shuttered their psychology departments during early 1950s, with specialists pivoting to other fields. After encouragement by his brother Pan Zinian, Pan studied Marxism, and began to incorporate Marxist-Leninist principles into his psychological theory. From 1955 to 1956, Nanjing's psychology department merged with the Psychology Research Office of the Beijing-based Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Pan joined the academy and opted to move the Nanjing department to Beijing, forming the CAS Institute of Psychology. During the 1950s and 60s, he elaborated on the goals and subject of psychological research, describing it as an intermediary between the natural and social sciences which possesses aspects of both.[1][3]
Government repression of psychology as a field worsened during the Cultural Revolution. Communist activist Yao Wenyuan, writing in the People's Daily, attacked the field as overly theoretical and ignoring material realities. The Chinese Psychological Society and psychology as an area of academic study were repressed during the revolution. Pan continued to write psychological theory in secret. The CAS Institute of Psychology was reformed in June 1977, and Pan was restored to his post as its director. He presided over the National Psychology Discipline Planning Symposium held in Pinggu that August. During the early 1980s, he published a number of books based off material he had composed in secret during the revolution.[1][6][7] He continued to serve as the president of the Chinese Psychological Society until 1984, after which he became the society's honorary president.[5] He continued to write until his death on 26 March 1988.[8]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Jing 2000, p. 32.
- ^ a b Wang, Wei & Wang 2024, p. 235.
- ^ a b c Wang, Wei & Wang 2024, pp. 235–236.
- ^ Blowers 2006, pp. 102–103.
- ^ a b c Wang 2024, pp. 1–2.
- ^ Wang, Wei & Wang 2024, pp. 236–237.
- ^ Blowers 2010, p. 11.
- ^ Wang, Wei & Wang 2024, p. 238.
Bibliography
edit- Blowers, Geoffery (2006). "Origins of Scientific Psychology in China, 1899–1949". In Brock, Adrian C. (ed.). Internationalizing the History of Psychology. NYU Press. pp. 94–111. JSTOR j.ctt9qg8nj.
- Blowers, Geoffery (2010). "The Continuing Prospects for a Chinese Psychology". In Bond, Michael Harris (ed.). Oxford Handbook of Chinese Psychology. Oxford University Press. pp. 5–18. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199541850.001.0001. ISBN 9780199541850.
- Jing, Qicheng (2000). "Pan, Shu". In Kazdin, Alan E. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Psychology. Vol. 6. American Psychological Association. pp. 32–33. doi:10.1037/10521-009.
- Wang, Fengyan (2024). "Pan Shuh". In Zhang, Kan (ed.). The ECPH Encyclopedia of Psychology. Singapore: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-981-99-6000-2_131-1. ISBN 9789819960002.
- Wang, Ligang; Wei, Tongqi; Wang, Liang (2024). "Pan Shuh: The Founding Figure of Modern Chinese Psychology". Protein & Cell. 15 (4): 235–238. doi:10.1093/procel/pwad064.