Pătrașcu is a Romanian-language surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Bogdan Pătrașcu (born 1979), Romanian footballer
- Cerasela Pătraşcu (born 1992), Romanian artistic gymnast
- Florin Pătrașcu (born 1986), Romanian footballer
- Maria Patrascu (born 1997), Romanian-born Canadian tennis player
- Mihai Pătrașcu (disambiguation), multiple people
- Pătrașcu cel Bun (?–1557), ruler of Wallachia