Oliver St John, 1st Earl of Bolingbroke

Oliver St John, 1st Earl of Bolingbroke, KB (1580? – June/July 1646), known from 1618 until 1624 as 4th Baron St John of Bletso, was an English nobleman and politician.

Oliver St John, 1st Earl of Bolingbroke
Oliver St John, 1st Earl of Bolingbroke.
Member of Parliament for Bedfordshire
In office
1601–1611
Personal details
Bornc. 1580 (1580)
DiedJune/July 1646 (aged 65–66)
Spouse
Elizabeth Paulet
(m. 1602)
Children7, including Oliver
Parent
RelativesRowland St John (brother)
Anthony St John (brother)
Alexander St John (brother)
Beauchamp St John (brother)
Henry St John (brother)
Oliver St John (grandson)
Paulet St John (grandson)
Oliver St John (grandfather)
EducationPeterhouse, Cambridge

Life

edit

St John was son and heir of Oliver St John, 3rd Baron St John of Bletso, by his wife Dorothy Reid, daughter and heiress of Sir John Rede or Reid, of Oddington, Gloucestershire. He matriculated from Peterhouse, Cambridge, in about 1595 and was admitted at Gray's Inn on 20 April 1597.[1]

St John was elected as a Member of Parliament for Bedfordshire in 1601, and again in 1604.[2] In 1604, he served on the committee appointed to discuss the change in the royal title. On 3 June 1610, he was made Knight of the Bath at the creation of Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales.

In September 1618, he succeeded his father; in the following year he sumptuously entertained James I at his house, and, in 1620, he took his seat in the House of Lords. On 28 December 1624, he was created Earl of Bolingbroke (a manor that had belonged to the Beauchamp family, from which he was descended). He took his seat on 22 June 1625.

In December 1626, St John refused to contribute to the forced loan; but in 1638–9 he contributed towards the expenses of the Bishops' War. On 28 August 1640, he signed the petition of the twelve peers, attributing the evils of the day to the absence of parliaments, and urging Charles I to summon one. He remained with the Long Parliament in 1642 when Charles retired to York, and, in February 1642–43, was named by the parliament lord lieutenant of Bedfordshire; in this capacity he took an active part in raising the militia and providing for the safety of the shire. In the same year he took the Solemn League and Covenant, and was appointed a lay member of the Westminster Assembly.

On 10 November he was one of the commissioners named for the custody of the Great Seal. In 1645 he was excused attendance at the House of Lords, and he died in June or July 1646.

Family

edit

St John married, in April 1602, Elizabeth, daughter of William Paulet and granddaughter of Sir George Paulet, brother of William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester. They had four sons and three daughters:

His eldest son Oliver was mortally wounded at the Battle of Edgehill in 1642 and predeceased him, leaving only daughters. When Bolingbroke died in 1646, the earldom passed to his grandson Oliver, the eldest son of Bolingbroke's second son Sir Paulet St John.

His five younger brothers, Rowland, Anthony, Alexander, Beauchamp and Henry all became MPs. [3]

References

edit
  1. ^ "St John, Oliver (ST595O)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  2. ^ History of Parliament Online: Oliver St John. Accessed 5 January 2023.
  3. ^ "ST. JOHN, Oliver I (c.1583-1646), of Bletsoe, Beds. of Abbot's Ripton, Hunts. and St. Bartholomew-the-Great, London". History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 14 August 2019.

Sources

edit
Parliament of England
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Bedfordshire
1601–1611
With: Sir Edward Radclyffe
Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Lord Lieutenant of Huntingdonshire
1619–1627
With: The Duke of Lennox 1619–1624
The Earl of Manchester 1624–1627
Succeeded by
Preceded by Lord Lieutenant of Huntingdonshire
1629–1636
With: The Earl of Manchester
Succeeded by
Preceded by Lord Lieutenant of Bedfordshire
(Parliamentary)

1639–1646
Succeeded by
Disputed
Peerage of England
New creation Earl of Bolingbroke
1620–1646
Succeeded by
Preceded by Baron St John of Bletso
1618–1641
Succeeded by
Preceded by Baron St John of Bletso
1642–1646
Succeeded by