The Okhotsk Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus azonus), also known as the Arabesque greenling, is a mackerel-like species in the family Hexagrammidae.[2] It is commonly known as hokke in Japan and imyeonsu in Korean. The primary population of the fish is found off the Sea of Okhotsk.
| Okhotsk atka mackerel | |
|---|---|
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| P. azonus in a tank | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Scorpaeniformes |
| Family: | Hexagrammidae |
| Genus: | Pleurogrammus |
| Species: | P. azonus
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| Binomial name | |
| Pleurogrammus azonus D. S. Jordan & Metz, 1913
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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History
editAccording to legend, it was discovered by Nichiji.[citation needed]
Distribution and habitat
editThe Okhotsk Atka mackerel is found in the northwest Pacific Ocean occurring in Primorskii Krai in Russia, the Sea of Okhotsk east to the Kuril Islands south to Ibaraki Prefecture and Tsushima in Japan and the Yellow Sea. It is an oceanodromous, demersal fish found at depths from the surface to 240 m (790 ft).[1]
Taxonomy
editThe Okhotsk atka mackerel was first formally described in 1913 by the American ichthyologists David Starr Jordan and Charles William Metz with its type locality given as Nampo in North Korea.[3] This species is occasionally considered synonymous with the Atka mackerel, P. monopterygius (Nelson 1994). However, it is probably a separate species.[4] This fish was also documented as Stellistius katsukii but the older name Pleurogrammus azonus takes precedence.[1]
Biology
editThe juvenile Okhotsk atka mackerel gather in large schools close the surface but the adults are benthic. The females lay egg masses within crevices or in gravel along rocky coasts at depths of less than 20 m (66 ft), these are guarded by the males.[1]
Fisheries
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in tonnes from 1950 to 2009 [5]
The Okhotsk atka mackerel is an important fish, and approximately 100,000 tons of the species were harvested each year throughout the late 20th century.[5]
As food
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Known in Japanese cuisine as hokke and in Korean cuisine as imyeonsu (임연수), the fish can be fresh, dried, or frozen, and can be served raw, boiled, grilled or fried.[citation needed]
Notes
edit- ^ a b c d Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Pleurogrammus azonus". FishBase. August 2022 version.
- ^ "Pleurogrammus azonus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Pleurorammus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ * Crow, Karen D., Ziyusei Kanamoto, and Giacomo Bernardi. "Molecular phylogeny of the hexagrammid fishes using a multi-locus approach". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32 (2004) 986–997
- ^ a b Pleurogrammus azonus (Jordan & Metz, 1913) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
References
edit- Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Pleurogrammus azonus". FishBase. March 2012 version.
- Nelson, J.S., 1994. Fishes of the World. Wiley, New York.
- Shinohara, G. and K. Amaoka, 1994. Stellistius katsukii Jordan & Tanaka, 1927, a junior synonym of Pleurogrammus azonus Jordan & Metz, 1913 (Scorpaeniformes: Hexagrammidae). Jap. J. Ichthyol. 40(4):487-490.