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The following events occurred in October 1905:

October 26, 1905: The Kingdom of Norway becomes a separate nation as Union of Sweden and Norway is dissolved
October 5, 1905: Wilbur Wright pilots the improved Wright Flyer III to an unprecedented 30 minute heavier-than-air flight

October 1, 1905 (Sunday)

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  • Lieutenant Commander Pyotr Schmidt of the Imperial Russian Navy incited a crowd of people in Sevastopol to march toward the city's prison and to demand the freedom of political prisoners there. Police fired in the crowd and killed and wounded an undetermined number of people.
  • The luxurious Gotham Hotel, with 400 guestrooms, was opened on the corner of Fifth Avenue and 55th Street in Manhattan in New York City. The original owners would be forced to sell less than three years later, after repeated rejections for a liquor license. More than a century later, it operates (as of 2023) as "The Peninsula".
  • Died: Donald W. Stewart, 45, British Army officer and Commissioner of the British East Africa protectorate (now Kenya) since 1904, died of pneumonia in Nairobi.

October 2, 1905 (Monday)

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  • U.S. Secretary of State William H. Taft returned to his job as Secretary of War, and Elihu Root took permanent charge of the State Department.[1]
  • The Garfinckel's department store chain was started by the opening of a luxury store at Washington D.C. by Julius Garfinkle. After growing to a conglomerate of 190 stores in seven chains, Garfinckel's would file bankruptcy in 1990.
  • Canada allowed the extradition of two fugitives, Gaynor and Greene, to the U.S. to face criminal charges.[1]
  • Born:
  • Died: Louis William Desanges, 83, British painter

October 3, 1905 (Tuesday)

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  • Several members of the Hungarian cabinet met in Vienna to discuss universal suffrage with Franz Josef I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, as well as demanding why the Austrian premier was interfering with Hungarian electoral reforms.[1]
  • The G-Lader, a scroll-type supercharger to increase engine power, was patented by Leon Creux of France, who received U.S. Patent No. 801,182 for the invention, although production of the device would not become feasible until more than 75 years later.

October 4, 1905 (Wednesday)

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  • Japan and Russia agreed to the exchange of prisoners of war from the Russo-Japanese War.[1]
  • The Alamo was conveyed to the Daughters of the Republic of Texas (DRT) in return for their agreement to provide maintenance and upkeep for the historic San Antonio mission and fortress. The DRT ownership of The Alamo would last almost 110 years, until the landmark's return to the Texas General Land Office in 2015.
  • Grace Coolidge and Calvin Coolidge in the Married.
  • Died: Henry Wilberforce Clarke, 65, British translator of Persian literature

October 5, 1905 (Thursday)

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  • Wilbur Wright made a breakthrough in aviation by keeping an airplane aloft for more than half an hour, piloting the Wright Flyer III for 39 minutes and 23 seconds over Huffman Prairie near Fairborn, Ohio, traveling 24 miles (39 km) in a circular course. The longest time aloft in an airplane before the creation of the Wright Flyer III had been five minutes.[2] Orville and Wilbur Wright disassembled the revolutionary airplane on November 5 to prevent the technology from being duplicated by competitors.[3]
  • More than three years after the deadly eruption of the Mount Pelée volcano on the Caribbean island of Martinique, all volcanic activity ceased. On April 23, 1902, the explosive blast had killed more than 29,000 people.

October 6, 1905 (Friday)

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  • Japanese and Russian commanders in northern Korea were unable to agree on terms of an armistice.[1]
  • The first issue of the popular children's magazine Fame and Fortune Weekly (subtitled "Stories of Boys Who Make Money") was published by the Frank Tousey Company. It would continue as a weekly until 1928, and cease publication after the Wall Street Crash in 1929.[4]
  • Born:
    • Helen Wills, American tennis player; 8-time winner of Wimbledon, 7-time winner of the U.S. Open and 4-time winner of the French Open women's singles between 1923 and 1938; in Centerville, California (d. 1998)
    • Jarvis Catoe, American serial killer known as the "D.C. Strangler" for his murders of at least eight women in Washington D.C.; in South Carolina (executed, 1943)
  • Died: Ferdinand von Richthofen, 72, German geographer and scientist, and uncle of World War One Manfred von Richthofen, "the Red Baron"

October 7, 1905 (Saturday)

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Américo's most famous work

October 8, 1905 (Sunday)

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  • Argentina's National Congress voted to declare 90 days of martial law throughout the South American nation after the Argentine Workmen's Federation called a general strike.[1]
  • Born:
  • Died:

October 9, 1905 (Monday)

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  • U.S. President Roosevelt convened a meeting at the White House with representatives for the teams of Harvard University, Yale University and Princeton University to demand reforms in the sport of American football in order to prevent serious injury and death. Roosevelt held a luncheon and gathered Walter Camp of Yale University and John B. Fine of Princeton University, both of whom were members of the Rules Committee of the Intercollegiate Football Association, as well as the football coaches of Harvard (Bill Reid), Princeton (Art Hillebrand) and Yale (Jack Owsley).[6][7]
  • Sergei Witte attended a meeting with Russia's Tsar Nicholas II at the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg to warn the monarch that the Russian Empire was on the verge of a revolution, and advised that major reforms should be made or that a military dictator should rule the nation.[8]
  • By a vote of 101 to 16, Norway's Parliament, the Storting, agreed to accept the terms of dissolution of the Swedish-Norwegian Union in order to become a separate nation.[1] On the same day, 10 Storting members from the Liberal Party proposed that Norway become a republic, with a president, rather than a monarchy.
  • Born: Jack Parker British motorcycle speedway rider honored as the British Riders' Champion in 1947, and winner of the National Trophy 1946, 1947, and 1949; in Birmingham (d. 1989)

October 10, 1905 (Tuesday)

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October 11, 1905 (Wednesday)

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October 12, 1905 (Thursday)

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October 13, 1905 (Friday)

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  • Sir Henry Irving, prominent in England as both a stage actor and the manager of the manager of the Lyceum Theatre on London's West End, suffered a fatal stroke shortly after returning to the Midland Hotel in Bradford/ Earlier in the evening, he had performed in the title role of Tennyson's play Becket.[12] A fanciful, but invented, story would later be told by Thomas Anstey Guthrie that Irving had been stricken on stage while reciting Becket's dying words, "Into thy hands, O Lord, into thy hands" when he was stricken.
  • Died: Lyman Bloomingdale, 64, U.S. businessman, philanthropist, and co-founder of the Bloomingdale's luxury department store in New York City.

October 14, 1905 (Saturday)

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October 15, 1905 (Sunday)

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October 16, 1905 (Monday)

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October 17, 1905 (Tuesday)

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  • U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt issued an Executive Order allowing heads of government departments to fire civil service employees without filing a charge or providing a hearing.[1]
  • Baron Géza Fejérváry was appointed again to serve as Prime Minister of Hungary in the Dual Kingdom of Austria and Hungary.[1]
  • Born: Leopoldo Benites, Ecuadorian ambassador to the United Nations who served as President of the UN General Assembly in 1973 and 1974; in Guayaquil (d. 1996)
  • Died: John Rooney, 25, convicted murderer became the last person to be executed in the U.S. state of North Dakota, and the first and only prisoner to be legally executed privately, rather than in public. All previous hangings had been open to the public, and North Dakota abolished the death penalty 10 years after Rooney's hanging.

October 18, 1905 (Wednesday)

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October 19, 1905 (Thursday)

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October 20, 1905 (Friday)

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October 21, 1905 (Saturday)

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  • A nationwide railway strike tied up all rail lines that were entering and leaving Moscow, and spread to the rest of the Empire within a few days, extending closures as far west as Warsaw.[28][29]
  • U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, making a tour of the Deep South, took the unprecedented step of addressing a gathering of African-Americans while he was in Jacksonville, Florida. Roosevelt insisted on the meeting at the Third Baptist Church Academy after the local organizing committee had refused to grant a request by black leaders for a public event. In part, Roosevelt said, "If we do our duties faithfully in spite of the difficulties that come, then sooner or later the rights will take care of themselves. What I say to this body of my colored fellow-citizens is just exactly what I would say to any body of my white fellow-citizens."[30]

October 22, 1905 (Sunday)

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  • Police in Santiago fired into a crowd of more than 25,000 protesters in Chile who had marched to the presidential office building, La Moneda and were demanding to see President Germán Riesco. The crowd, which was demonstrating against the high prices, caused by government tariffs on cattle imports from Argentina, was unaware that the president was unwell and was at his residence in another part of the city. After the protesters grew impatient over waiting, some tried to storm the building. The police response led to the "Meat Riot" (la huelga de la carne) that killed 230 civilians and 20 soldiers in over the next three days.[31]
  • The Battle of the Malalag River took place in the Philippines between U.S. troops and Moro rebels of the Sultanate of Maguindanao. The Moros sustained 12 deaths, including their commander, Datu Ali, while one U.S. soldier was killed, and 43 Moro prisoners of war were captured.[32][33]
  • Alexander Bulygin was dismissed from his position as Minister of the Interior of the Russian Empire by Tsar Nicholas II. As Interior Minister, Bulygin had been in charge of state security.

October 23, 1905 (Monday)

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1929 painting by Tōjō Shōtarō of the review

October 24, 1905 (Tuesday)

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  • The U.S. Board of Ordnance and Fortification, a division of the U.S. War Department, rejected an October 19 offer by Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright to sell the technology of the Wright Flyer III airplane to the government, despite the airplane's proven ability to stay airborne for substantial periods of time. The government reply stated that the Board would take no further action "until a machine is produced which by actual operation is shown to be able to produce horizontal flight and to carry an operator."

October 25, 1905 (Wednesday)

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October 26, 1905 (Thursday)

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The former Sweden-Norway naval flag

October 27, 1905 (Friday)

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October 28, 1905 (Saturday)

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  • After more than seven years of fighting in the Philippines at the island of Mindanao, the chief of the Moro insurgents, Datto Ali, was killed by a U.S. attack on his headquarters.[28]
  • The Prime Minister Christian Lundeberg of Sweden and his cabinet resigned after having concluded the settlement with Norway dissolving the union between the two nations.[28]
  • Died: General Mikhail Dragomirov, 74, Russian Governor-General of Kiev

October 29, 1905 (Sunday)

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October 30, 1905 (Monday)

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Ilya Repin's painting "17 October 1905"
  • Tsar Nicholas II of Russia issued the October Manifesto, also referred to as the "Manifest 17 October" because the Julian calendar still in use at Russia had the "old style" date of October 17. The decree guaranteed civil liberties, extending voting rights, and providing more power to the Duma to have a say in the enforcement of royal decrees.[41] Referring to himself in the plural, the Tsar began, "We, Nicholas the Second, by the Grace of God Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias... declare to all our faithful subjects that the troubles and agitations in our capitals and in numerous other places fill our heart with excessive pain and sorrow," and then added, "The supreme duty imposed upon us by our sovereign office requires us to efface ourself and to use all the force and reason at our command... to assure the success of measures for pacification in all circles of public life, which are essential to the well being of our people. We, therefore, direct our government to carry out our inflexible will in the following manner..." the Tsar went on to guarantee "freedom of conscience, speech, union and association", to invite participation in the Duma to "those classes of the population now completely deprived of electoral rights", and finally "to establish as an unchangeable rule that no law shall be enforceable with out the approval of the State Duma."[42]
 
William Chadeayne at his arrival
  • American motorcyclist William Chadeayne arrived in San Francisco, 47 days after his September 13 departure from New York City, setting a record by crossing North America by motor vehicle, four days faster than George A. Wyman's trip in 1903. At the time, most of the roads in the United States were difficult to traverse, with some described by Chadeayne later as "unspeakably vile seas of mud or oceans of sand."[43]
  • Twelve people were killed and 35 injured in the wreck of an Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway train.[28]

October 31, 1905 (Tuesday)

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l The American Monthly Review of Reviews (November 1905) pp. 540-543
  2. ^ Michael Sharpe, Biplanes, Triplanes and Seaplanes (Friedman/Fairfax, 2000) p. 311
  3. ^ "1905 – The First Practical Airplane", Centennial of Flight Commission
  4. ^ "Fame and Fortune Weekly", Magazine Data, Galactic Central, p. 186
  5. ^ "Death of Lord Inverclyde; Chairman of the Cunard Line", Daily Telegraph (London), October 9, 1905, p. 6
  6. ^ "Roosevelt Campaign for Football Reform— Makers of Rules Present— They Are Told That Brutality Should Be Eliminated and Fair Play Be Assured", The New York Times, October 10, 1905, p. 1
  7. ^ "Tiny Maxwell and the Crisis of 1905: The Making of a Gridiron Myth", by John Watterson (College Football Historical Society, 1984) pp. 54–57
  8. ^ Orlando Figes, A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891–1924 (The Bodley Head, 2014) p. 191
  9. ^ "O Tico-Tico completa 100 anos", by Waldomiro Vergueiro, October 11, 2005
  10. ^ "A National Siamese Library", The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser, January 24, 1906
  11. ^ Paul H. Silverstone, Directory of the World's Capital Ships (Hippocrene Books, 1984) p. 380
  12. ^ "Sir Henry Irving Dies After Play", The New York Times, October 14, 1905, p. 1
  13. ^ "FAI History", FAI Website
  14. ^ "Rulers Sign; End Russo-Jap Clash— Czar and Mikado Affix Signatures to Peace Treaty, Thus Officially Terminating War", Philadelphia Inquirer, October 15, 1905, p.1
  15. ^ "New York Wins Championship of the World— Athletics Are Defeated in the Fifth Game of the Series by Score of 2 to 0", Philadelphia Inquirer, October 15, 1905, p.1
  16. ^ "Giants Champions, The Score, 2-0; Mathewson's Superb Work Ends the Inter-League Series", The New York Times, October 15, 1905, p.1
  17. ^ Eric Frederick Jensen, Debussy (Oxford University Press, 2014) p. 197
  18. ^ Isaac Deutscher, Trotsky: The Prophet Armed (Verso Books, 1954) p. 126
  19. ^ Suguna Ramanathan (1978). The Novels of C. P. Snow: A Critical Introduction. Atlantic Publishers & Distri. p. 25.
  20. ^ "Senator's Fatal Auto Ride— Mr. Fulford of Canada Dies from Hurts Due to Accident", The New York Times, October 16, 1905, p.1
  21. ^ Bipan Chandra, History of Modern India (Orient Blackswan Private Limited, 2009) pp. 248–249
  22. ^ "The Catholic Church Extension Society", by Francis Kelley, in The Catholic Encyclopedia (Robert Appleton Company, 1912)
  23. ^ Parsons, Timothy (2010). The Rule of Empires. p. 291. ISBN 9780199746194. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  24. ^ Okoth, Assa (2006). A History of Africa, 1800–1915. E.A.E.P. pp. 198–199. ISBN 9789966253576.
  25. ^ "Taking and Returning Objects in a Colonial Context: Tracing the Collections Acquired during the Bone-Gowa Military Expeditions", by Hari Budiarti, in Colonial Collections Revisited, ed. by Pieter J. ter Keurs (CNWS Publications, 2007) pp. 130-131
  26. ^ Constance M. Jerlecki, Sailing Into Disaster: Ghost Ships and other Mysterious Shipwrecks of the Great Lakes (Inland Expressions, 2017) pp. 53-63
  27. ^ "Ships and Lives Lost on the Great Lakes— Fierce Storm Hurls Eleven Vessels to Destruction— At Least 12 Persons Dead", The New York Times, October 21, 1905, p.1 ("Among the vessels lost were... the schooner Minnedosa, which foundered two and one-half miles off Harbor Beach in Lake Huron, carrying down the entire crew of eight men;")
  28. ^ a b c d e f g The American Monthly Review of Reviews (December 1905) pp. 666-669
  29. ^ "Moscow Almost Cut Off; Employees of Four More Railroads— Famine Is Feared", The New York Times, October 23, 1905, p.2
  30. ^ "Roosevelt to Negroes: Duties Before Rights— He Talks at Colored School in Jacksonville to 'My Friends'", The New York Times, October 22, 1905, p.1
  31. ^ Benjamin S. Orlove, "Meat and Strength: The Moral Economy of a Chilean Food Riot". Cultural Anthropology (1997), pp. 234–268
  32. ^ "Troops Kill Moro Chief— Ali, His Son, and Ten Followers Slain in Fight— Forty-three Prisoners", The New York Times, October 29, 1905, p.1
  33. ^ J.R. Arnold, The Moro War (Bloomsbury Press, 2011) pp.132-138
  34. ^ "Captured Warships in Japan's Review— Fleet of 308 Vessels Aligned for the Mikado's Inspection; Had Togo by His Side", The New York Times, October 24, 1905, p.1
  35. ^ "How The Squaw Man Is Not The Shawman— Effective Western Scenes and Noble Attitudes", The New York Times, October 24, 1905, p. 6
  36. ^ Current Biography. H.W. Wilson Company. 1954. p. 93.
  37. ^ "A Headless House? The Dynastic Dispute of the House of Lippe", by Arturo E. Beéche, European Royal History Journal (October 2006) pp. 14-15
  38. ^ Deutscher, Isaac (1965) [1954]. The Prophet Armed: Trotsky, 1879-1921. Vol. 1. New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 0-19-281064-2. OCLC 184845652.
  39. ^ "Hutton", in New Zealanders and Science, by S. H. Jenkinson (New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs, 1940)
  40. ^ Dieter Nohlen and Philip Stöver, Elections in Europe: A Data Handbook (Nomos, 2010) p. 1886
  41. ^ "Czar Bows to Nation's Will— Russian Aristocracy Forced to Grant the Demand of the People for Freedom; Count Witte Heads Cabinet— Signs of Cessation of Disorders in the Empire", The New York Tribune, October 31, 1905, p.1
  42. ^ "Text of the Emperor's Message to the People", The New York Tribune, October 31, 1905, p.1
  43. ^ "Chadeayne reaches 'Frisco", The Bicycling World and Motorcycle Review, November 4, 1905, pp. 107-109
  44. ^ William Ochsenwald, Religion, Society, and the State in Arabia: The Hijaz under Ottoman Control, 1840-1908 (Ohio State University Press, 1984).
  45. ^ "Shaw's Play Stopped; The Manager Arrested— Warrants for the Players", The New York Times, November 1, 1905, p.1