The Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows is a montane grasslands and shrublands ecoregion of the elevations of the northwestern Himalaya of China, India, and Pakistan.[2]
| Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Ecoregion territory (in purple) | |
| Ecology | |
| Biome | Montane grasslands and shrublands |
| Borders | |
| Bird species | 172[1] |
| Mammal species | 80[1] |
| Geography | |
| Area | 49,400 km2 (19,100 sq mi) |
| Countries | |
| Conservation | |
| Habitat loss | 20.896%[1] |
| Protected | 9.24%[1] |
Setting
editNorthwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows cover 49,400 square kilometres (19,100 sq mi) at elevations between 3,300 and 3,600 metres (10,800 and 11,800 ft) in the northwestern Himalayas. They are found in Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir in northwestern India and in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit Baltistan in northern Pakistan.[3]
Flora
editThis ecoregion's flora is composed mostly of krummholz and herbaceous plants.[4]
Various rhododendrons live in the scrub habitat near timberline, as do junipers and birches. Although several species of rhododendron are recorded in this ecoregion, they are represented by a lesser greater diversity than in the eastern Himalaya, where 60 species are reported in the Northeastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests.
Genera of herbaceous plants include Doronicum, Delphinium, Gentiana, Meconopsis, Pedicularis, Anemone, Aster, Polygonum, Primula, and Mertensia. Scree habitats include Caragana, Saxifraga, Draba, and Gypsophila.
Fauna
editEighty mammals species are reported in this ecoregion. It contains prime habitat for the snow leopard and the Tibetan wolf.[5] Other mammals include the ibex, markhor, blue sheep, tahr, and Himalayan marmot.[6]
There are 172 bird species in this ecoregion. Important birds include the lammergeier, golden eagle, Himalayan griffon vulture, snow partridge, Tibetan snowcock, and Himalayan snowcock.[7]
Conservation
editThis ecoregion is well preserved because of high elevation, difficult climate, and lack of trees. Protected areas include:
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d Hoekstra, J. M.; Molnar, J. L.; Jennings, M.; Revenga, C.; Spalding, M. D.; Boucher, T. M.; Robertson, J. C.; Heibel, T. J.; Ellison, K. (2010). Molnar, J. L. (ed.). The Atlas of Global Conservation: Changes, Challenges, and Opportunities to Make a Difference. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-26256-0.
- ^ Wikramanayake, E.D. (2002). Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: A Conservation Assessment. Ecoregions Assessments Series. Island Press. p. 134. ISBN 978-1-55963-923-1. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
- ^ Dong, S.; Zhang, Y.; Shen, H.; Li, S.; Xu, Y. (2023). Grasslands on the Third Pole of the World: Structure, Function, Process, and Resilience of Social-Ecological Systems. Springer International Publishing. p. 94. ISBN 978-3-031-39485-0. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
- ^ Singh, S.P.; Reshi, Z.A.; Joshi, R. (2023). Ecology of Himalayan Treeline Ecotone. Springer Nature Singapore. p. 115. ISBN 978-981-19-4476-5. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
- ^ Roy, C. (2018). The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Agriculture and Allied Sciences. Apple Academic Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-351-12526-0. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
- ^ Duff, A.; Lawson, A. (2004). Mammals of the World: A Checklist. Yale University Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-300-10398-4. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
- ^ Wikramanayake, E.D. (2002). Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: A Conservation Assessment. Ecoregions Assessments Series. Island Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-55963-923-1. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
- ^ Experts, E.G.P.; Community, E.G. General Awareness For SSC Book 2024 (English Edition) - 25 Solved Topic-wise Tests For SSC CGL, CPO, CHSL, MTS, Stenographer and Other SSC Exams. Mock Test Paper. EduGorilla Community Pvt Limited. p. 139. ISBN 978-93-5556-089-6. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
External links
edit
Media related to Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows at Wikimedia Commons- "Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
