Niri Qaghan (Chinese: 泥利可汗; pinyin: Nílì Kèhán; Sogdian: 𐼎𐼘𐼊 𐼉𐼒𐼄𐼒𐼎, romanized: nry x’γ’n, probably Rouran: nı̣rı̣ qaγan) was a ruler of the Western Turkic Khaganate.[2]
| Niri Qaghan | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Qaghan of the Western Turkic Khaganate | |
| Reign | 587-599 |
| Predecessor | Apa Qaghan |
| Successor | Heshana Khagan |
| Died | 599 |
| Spouse | Lady Xiang (向氏) |
| Issue | Heshana Khagan |
| House | Ashina |
| Father | Yangsu Tegin |
| Religion | Buddhism |
Biography
editHe was the grandson of Muqan Qaghan through Yangsu Tegin. He had a younger brother named Poshi Tegin (婆實特勤). He was enthroned by his supporters in 587 as Western Turkic Khagan, succeeding his uncle Apa Qaghan according to Book of Sui. His father was probably dead by this time.[3] Princess Qianjin tried to forge an alliance with him by 593,
According to Christoph Baumer he ruled from 579 to circa 602/03. Baumer notes that the better-documented Tardu ruled from 575 to 603.[4] According to de La Vaissière, the unnamed Turkic ruler who was in correspondence with Emperor Maurice was Niri.[5] Takashi Osawa dismissed these claims, saying Chinese authors recorded earlier events at a very late time. According to him, Niri died in spring or summer of 598 during a battle against the Tiele and his second funeral ceremony could be held in autumn or winter of the year of 599 at the latest.[3]
Family
editHis Chinese wife Lady Xiang (向氏) was married to his brother Poshi Tegin (婆實特勤) after his death and was sent by Heshana Khagan as ambassadors to China during end of the Kaiyuan era.[6] He was survived by his sons Heshana Khagan and Kuta Shad (Chinese: 闕達設; pinyin: Quèdá Shè).
Legacy
editHis memorial complex and statue which was found in 1953 in Zhaosu County, Xinjiang. Later, inscriptions were found at the west part of the stone statue.Sogdian text was read by Yutaka Yoshida (Kyoto university),[7] and later by Takashi Osawa (Osaka University)[8][9] De La Vaissere associated his name with Niri Khagan read in the inscription of Hüis Tolgoi.[10] Lev Gumilev erraneously associated him with Parmuda figure found in Iranian stories about Bahram Chubin and Sawa and connected him to governorship of Paykend. Shamsuddin Kamoluddin also argued that Niri Khagan was identical to El-Tigin found in Persian and Arabic sources.[11]
References
edit- ^ Pohl, Walter (15 December 2018). The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567–822. Cornell University Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-5017-2940-9.
- ^ Bauer, Susan Wise (2010). The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 238. ISBN 978-0-393-05975-5.
- ^ a b Ōsawa, Takashi (2006). "Aspects of the relationship between The ancient Turks and the Sogdians". Ērān ud Anēran, Studies presented to Boris Ilich Marshak on the occasion of his 70th Birthday: 471–504.
- ^ Christoph Baumer, History of Central Asia, volume 2, page 198, referencing Liu Mao-Tsai, Die Chinesischen Nachrichten..,1958
- ^ Vaissière, La; De, Étienne (2010). "Maurice et le qaghan: à propos de la digression de Théophylacte Simocatta sur les Turcs". Revue des études byzantines. 68 (1): 219–224. doi:10.3406/rebyz.2010.3072.
- ^ Erkoç, Hayrettin İhsan (2016). "Batı Göktürk Kağanlığı'nın Kuruluşu" [Foundation of the Western Türk Qaġanate]. Journal of Faculty of Letters (in Turkish). 33 (1). Hacettepe University.
- ^ "Reports on the Sogdian texts newly discovered in Xinjiang","STUDIES ON THE INNER ASIAN LANGUAGES",vol.6:57-83.
- ^ 大澤, 孝.; Takashi, Osawa (1999). "テュルク研究への新視点 : 新疆イリ河流域のソグド語銘文石人について : 突厥初世の王統に関する一資料". 国立民族学博物館研究報告別冊 = Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology Special Issue. 020. doi:10.15021/00003527.
- ^ "TURK BITIG". bitig.org. Retrieved 2018-07-26.
- ^ Vaissière, Etienne de la; Maue, Dieter; Olmez, Mehmet. "The Historical context to the Hüis Tolgoi inscription". PIAC 2017 conference.
- ^ "Kamoliddin - Origin of Place-name Bukhara - Transoxiana 12". www.transoxiana.org. Retrieved 2024-07-26.
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