In mathematics, the necklace ring is a ring introduced by Metropolis and Rota (1983) to elucidate the multiplicative properties of necklace polynomials.

Definition

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If A is a commutative ring then the necklace ring over A consists of all infinite sequences   of elements of A. Addition in the necklace ring is given by pointwise addition of sequences. Multiplication is given by a sort of arithmetic convolution: the product of   and   has components

 

where   is the least common multiple of   and  , and   is their greatest common divisor.

This ring structure is isomorphic to the multiplication of formal power series written in "necklace coordinates": that is, identifying an integer sequence   with the power series  .

See also

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References

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  • Hazewinkel, Michiel (2009). "Witt vectors I". Handbook of Algebra. Vol. 6. Elsevier/North-Holland. pp. 319–472. arXiv:0804.3888. Bibcode:2008arXiv0804.3888H. ISBN 978-0-444-53257-2. MR 2553661.
  • Metropolis, N.; Rota, Gian-Carlo (1983). "Witt vectors and the algebra of necklaces". Advances in Mathematics. 50 (2): 95–125. doi:10.1016/0001-8708(83)90035-X. MR 0723197.