Natural Stone Bridge and Caves is park with a system of eleven marble caves and karst formations, operated as a show cave located in Pottersville, New York.[1] Visitors to the park can walk a trail which features the eponymous Stone Bridge Cave, advertised as the "largest marble cave entrance in the eastern United States", small caves, potholes, and various other karst features along Trout Brook.[2]
| Natural Stone Bridge and Caves | |
|---|---|
 Stone Bridge Cave, the park's namesake | |
   | |
| Location | Pottersville, New York |
| Coordinates | 43°44′51.06″N 73°51′8.399″W / 43.7475167°N 73.85233306°W[1] |
| Geology | Marble |
| Show cave length | 0.75 miles (1.21 km) (self-guided surface trail) |
| Lighting | LED |
| Visitors | 32,000 yearly |
| Website | Official website |
Description
edit
The park consists of a system of marble caves, potholes, whirlpools and waterfalls formed by Trout Creek, which briefly becomes an underground river while flowing through several of the caves before resurfacing 200 metres (660 ft) away at a pothole known as "The Clamshell". [3]: 139-141 Eleven caves are present in the park,[4] including the park's eponymous Stone Bridge Cave, Noisy Cave, which contains a loud underground waterfall, Lost Pool Cave, Kelly's Slide Cave and Echo Cave. Excluding the massive entrance of Stone Bridge Cave, measuring 50 metres (160 ft) wide and 10 metres (33 ft) tall, most of the caves consist of short passages with few speleothems owing to the caves' relative youth.[3]: 139 Many of the caves end in sumps, and are often completely flooded during high water events.[1]
The park can be toured after admission by fee, with a 0.75 miles (1.21 km) long self-guided trail showcasing the caves, Trout Brook, potholes and associated karst features.[5]
Geology
editThe caves are in the eastern Adirondack Mountains, and are formed out of marble,[3] deposited 1.1 billion year ago during the Grenville orogeny and is among oldest metamorphic rocks in the state. Ancient thrust faulting have resulted in most of the marble in the area being found in small "pods" interspersed with non-soluble rock, with one such pod being the present setting of the caves.[3]: 122 In contrast, the cave system is relatively youthful, with the park's ownership citing an age of around 14,000 years, postdating the Last Glacial Period.[6]
The caves in the park are a system of solutional caves created by the Trout Brook. Glaciers during Last Glacial Period the eroded and changed the surrounding landscape, resulting in the deranging of Trout Brook, shifting it northeast from its preglacial route to its present location.[6] After the retreat of the glaciers, the Trout Brook initially flowed immediately south after intersecting the marble pod making up the present-day caves. The Trout Brook, considerably acidic due to aeration from upstream riffles and it's 90 square miles (230 km2) catchment area,[6] dissolved passages into the marble until the Trout Brook abandoned its former channel and flowed underground, an example of stream capture.[3]: 139-141 Cave development continues to the present day, with cave passages being enlarged by 1 millimetre (0.039 in) a year.[6]
History
editThe caves were known to Europeans since the mid-18th century. Horatio Gates Spafford, father of Presbyterian church elder and lawyer Horatio Spafford, mentions Stone Bridge Cave in his 1813 A Gazetteer of the State of New-York.[7] The property surrounding the caves was given to Jacob Van Benthuysen, whose descendants still own the park, as a reward for service during the American Revolutionary War, and was the site of a sawmill until the early 20th century.[8] Tourism at the caves began in 1929, when the property owners' daughter Lydia Neubuck Harper started offering impromptu tours of the property.[9] Harper is credited with developing the caves into a tourist attraction, adding trails, boardwalks and a gift shop when she gained ownership of the property in 1944.[4]
The cave is presently owned by Greg Beckler, grandson of Lydia Neubuck Harper.[8][9] In 2017, the cave was a filming location for the Escape at Dannemora miniseries.[10][11]
References
edit- ^ a b c "Natural Stone Bridge and Caves". www.i-s-c-a.org. International Show Caves Association. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
- ^ "Natural Stone Bridge & Caves". Natural Stone Bridge & Caves. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Cooper, Max P.; Mylroie, John E. (2015). Glaciation and Speleogenesis: Interpretations from the Northeastern United States (1st 2015 ed.). Cham: Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer. pp. 139–140. ISBN 978-3-319-16534-9.
- ^ a b Wheeler, Lydia (2 July 2009). "Spelunking legacy". The Post Star. Retrieved 21 June 2024.(subscription required)
- ^ "Summer Self-Guided Cave Trail". Natural Stone Bridge & Caves. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
- ^ a b c d "Geology of Natural Stone Bridge & Caves" (PDF). Natural Stone Bridge & Caves. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ Spafford, Horatio Gates (1813). A gazetteer of the state of New-York;. Albany: H. C. Southwick. p. 159. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ a b "The Caveman of Pottersville". www.visitlakegeorge.com. 11 July 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
- ^ a b Bausler, Katie. "Natural Stone Bridge & Caves: Selective History". Natural Stone Bridge & Caves. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
- ^ Lehman, Don (27 September 2017). "Show based on prison escape filming in Pottersville, Chestertown". The Post Star. Retrieved 20 June 2024.(subscription required)
- ^ "Escape at Dannemora filming our backyard". Natural Stone Bridge & Caves. Retrieved 20 June 2024.