Nýřany (Czech pronunciation: [ˈniːr̝anɪ]; German: Nürschan) is a town in Plzeň-North District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 6,900 inhabitants.
Nýřany | |
|---|---|
 Town hall | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Nýřany Location in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 49°42′42″N 13°12′43″E / 49.71167°N 13.21194°E | |
| Country |  Czech Republic |
| Region | Plzeň |
| District | Plzeň-North |
| First mentioned | 1272 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Pavlína Caisová |
| Area | |
| • Total | 22.79 km2 (8.80 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 345 m (1,132 ft) |
| Population (2023-01-01)[1] | |
| • Total | 6,935 |
| • Density | 300/km2 (790/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 330 23 |
| Website | www |
Administrative parts edit
The villages of Doubrava and Kamenný Újezd are administrative parts of Nýřany.
Etymology edit
The name Nýřany referred to the settlement of nyrs. The word nyr denoted a person living in a burrow, lair or den of an animal.[2]
Geography edit
Nýřany is located about 10 km (6 mi) west of Plzeň. It lies in the Plasy Uplands. The highest point is the flat hill Dobrák at 456 m (1,496 ft) above sea level. The stream of Vejprnický potok flows through the town.
History edit
The first written mention of Nýřany is from 1272. The village was promoted to a town by Emperor Franz Joseph I on 29 January 1892.[3]
The village of Kamenný Újezd was first mentioned in 1215[4] and Doubrava in 1556.[5]
Around 1830, bituminous coal deposits were discovered. The start of mining meant the rapid development of the village, and new people arrived. The peak of mining was in 1880, when 9,300 people was employed in about 40 mines. The mining ended in 1995.[6] Those mines sometimes yielded valuable well-preserved fossils of early amphibians.[7]
During World War II, Nýřany was annexed by Nazi Germany and administered as part of Reichsgau Sudetenland. Near the end of the war one transport of death was surprised by an airstrike and about hundred of prisoners managed to escape. They were chased by SS-Guards and local Germans and either killed on the spot or executed at the place called Humboldtka.[8][9]
Demographics edit
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| Source: Censuses[10][11] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transport edit
The D5 motorway passes through the southern part of the municipal territory.
The Plzeň–Domažlice railway is passing through the town. Local railway that leads to Heřmanova Huť starts here.
Sights edit
The most important monument is the Church of Saint Procopius in the middle of the town square. It was built in the pseudo-Gothic style in 1903–1904.[12]
The Neo-Renaissance town hall was built in 1885–1886. It was built before Nýřany became a town. Until the church was built, the building was also used for religious services. The Monument of Shot Miners stands in front of the town hall. It commemorates an incident when 13 miners were shot during the 1890 strike.[13]
The Chapel of Saint Wenceslaus was built in the 18th century on the site of a former chapel from 1595.[13]
Notable people edit
- Anna Letenská (1904–1942), actress
Twin towns – sister cities edit
Zeulenroda-Triebes, Germany
References edit
- ^ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2023". Czech Statistical Office. 23 May 2023.
- ^ Profous, Antonín (1951). Místní jména v Čechách III: M–Ř (in Czech). p. 241.
- ^ "Nejstarší zmínky o Nýřanech" (in Czech). Město Nýřany. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
- ^ "Historie Kamenného Újezda" (in Czech). Město Nýřany. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
- ^ "Historie Doubravy" (in Czech). Město Nýřany. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
- ^ "Hornictví" (in Czech). Město Nýřany. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
- ^ Long, John. "Coal's formation is a window on an ancient world". The Conversation. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
- ^ "Nýřany ve 20. století". Příběhy 20. století (in Czech). Archived from the original on 11 December 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
- ^ Nedbálek, František. "Železniční transporty a pochody smrti vězňů koncentračních táborů a válečných zajatců přes české země zima a jaro 1945" (in Czech). České národní Listy. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
- ^ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011 – Okres Plzeň-sever" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 21 December 2015. pp. 9–10.
- ^ "Population Census 2021: Population by sex". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. 27 March 2021.
- ^ "Kostel sv. Prokopa" (in Czech). National Heritage Institute. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- ^ a b "Stavební památky" (in Czech). Město Nýřany. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- ^ "Naši partneři" (in Czech). Město Nýřany. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
External links edit
