Mutnovsky (Russian: Мутновский) is a complex volcano located in the southern part of Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, approximately 75-80 km south of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.[2] The volcano is formed from several cones and lava flows from flank eruptions that have merged into a single massif.[3]
| Mutnovsky | |
|---|---|
 Mutnovsky in July 2006 | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 2,322 m (7,618 ft)[1] |
| Prominence | 1,750 m (5,740 ft)[1] |
| Listing | Ultra |
| Coordinates | 52°26′54″N 158°11′51″E / 52.44833°N 158.19750°E[1] |
| Geography | |
  Mutnovsky Location in Russia  Mutnovsky Mutnovsky (Russia) | |
| Location | Kamchatka, Russia |
| Parent range | Eastern Range |
| Geology | |
| Mountain type | Complex volcano |
| Last eruption | June 2000 |
Geology and structure
editMutnovsky is a complex volcanic edifice consisting of four merged cones.[2] The volcano has two main craters - southwestern and northeastern - each about 2 km in diameter and up to 400 meters deep. The southwestern crater is occupied by a glacier.[2] The main volcanic activity is concentrated in the northwestern part of the massif, where two overlapping craters form a figure-eight shape with a diameter of up to 2 km and a depth of 600 meters.[3]
Volcanic activity
editMutnovsky is considered one of the active volcanoes in Kamchatka. In the 20th century, about 10 eruptions of varying intensity were observed. An eruption in 2000 resulted from underground explosions of hot gas, creating a crater 200 meters in diameter.[2]
The Active Funnel, located in the western crater, contains a large fumarole field. It emits a column of steam and gas emissions, sometimes rising to a height of one kilometer. The temperature of the fumaroles can reach 500°C.[3]
Geothermal features
editThe volcano exhibits diverse geothermal activity:
- Fumaroles: Cracks emitting volcanic gases, with temperatures recorded up to 540°C in 1983.[2]
- Mud pots: Boiling mud pools of various colors, including the "Black Cauldron" with highly acidic water.[2]
- Ice caves: Formed by the interaction of volcanic heat and glaciers on the volcano's slopes.[2]
- Vulkannaya River: Originates from melting glaciers and snow fields, carrying dissolved minerals and acids.[2] It forms a canyon called Opasny (Dangerous), with an 80-meter waterfall.[3]
Access and research
editThe volcano's proximity to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky facilitates scientific study. Access to the crater area is possible via off-road vehicles, with the journey taking several hours from the Opasny canyon area.[3]
At the northern foot of Mutnovsky volcano are the Dachny thermal springs, also referred to as the Lesser Valley of Geysers. This area features hot springs, boiling mud pots, and occasional geyser-like activity.[3]
Geothermal power
editThe Mutnovsky Geothermal Power Plant operates near the volcano's northeastern part, harnessing geothermal energy. Its capacity is approximately 60 MW, contributing significantly to the region's power supply.[3]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c "Russia: Kamchatka and the Russian Pacific Islands" Peaklist.org. Retrieved 2013-03-24.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Вулкан Мутновский на Камчатке: лед и пламя внутри кратера". KamchatkaLand (in Russian). Retrieved 2024-06-29.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Мутновский вулкан". Na Kamchatku (in Russian). Retrieved 2024-06-29.
Sources
edit
- "Mutnovsky". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2021-06-25.
- "Mutnovsky V., Russia". Peakbagger.com.
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