Muné Tsenpo (Tibetan: མུ་ནེ་བཙན་པོ་, Wylie: Mu-ne btsan-po) was the 39th Emperor of Tibet (r. c. 797?-799?). This period of Tibetan history, towards the end, and after the reign of Trisong Detsen is very murky and the sources give conflicting stories and dates.
| Muné Tsenpo མུ་ནེ་བཙན་པོ་ | |
|---|---|
| Tsenpo | |
| Emperor of Tibet | |
| Reign | 797?-799? |
| Predecessor | Trisong Detsen |
| Successor | Mutik Tsenpo |
| Born | c. 762? |
| Died | c. 799? (Aged 37) |
| Burial | Kyari Dembu Mausoleum, Valley of the Kings |
| Spouse | Poyöza Gyel Motsün |
| Lönchen | Dro Trisu Ramsha |
| Father | Trisong Detsen |
| Mother | Tsépongza Métokdrön |
| Religion | Tibetan Buddhism |
Mune Tsenpo is a Zhangzhung name meaning Namkha Tsenpo or 'Sky King'.[1]
Trisong Detsen is said to have had four sons. The eldest, Mutri Tsenpo, apparently died young. When Trisong Detsen retired (c. 797) to take up residence at the Nyugmakhar Palace (sMyug ma mkar) in Zungkhar (Zung mkhar), he handed power to the eldest surviving son, Muné Tsenpo.[2]
Most sources say that Muné's reign lasted only about a year and a half, while many Western scholars believe this would have been too short and some have suggested he reigned from 797 to 804. The Deb-ston, however, records a reign of 17 years, but this has been attributed to a misreading of the Chinese accounts.[3]
The dBa' bzhed claims that Muné Tsenpo insisted that his father's funeral be performed according to Buddhist rather than the Bon rites.[4]
Tibetan sources say he tried three times unsuccessfully to ensure the equitable distribution of land and property; but each time the rich got richer and the poor got poorer.[5] He established four major places to worship the Tripitaka and the abhisambodhi.
After a short reign, Muné Tsenpo, was supposedly poisoned on the orders of his mother, Tsephongsa, who was jealous of his beautiful young wife, Queen Phoyongsa. After his death, Mutik Tsenpo was next in line to the throne.
However, Sadnalegs elder brother, Mutik Tsenpo, had been apparently banished to Lhodak Kharchu (lHo-brag or Lhodrag) near the Bhutanese border for murdering a senior minister,[6] although some people believe he ruled for an indeterminate period. Whatever the case, the youngest brother, Sadnalegs, was definitely ruling by 804 CE.[7][8]
References
edit- ^ Norbu, Namkhai. The Necklace of Gzi, A Cultural History of Tibet, p, 28. (1981) Information Office of His Holiness The Dalai Lama, Dharamsala, H.P., India.
- ^ Stein, R. A. (1972) Tibetan Civilization, p. 101. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-0806-1 (cloth); ISBN 0-8047-0901-7 (pbk)
- ^ Tsepon W.D. Shakabpa Tibet: A Political History (1967), p. 46. Yale University Press, New Haven and London.
- ^ dBa' bzhed: The Royal Narrative Concerning the Bringing of the Buddha's Doctrine to Tibet. Translation and Facsimile Edition of the Tibetan Text by Pasang Wangdu and Hildegard Diemberger. Verlag der Österreichischen Akadamie der Wissenschafen, Wien 2000. ISBN 3-7001-2956-4.
- ^ Shakabpa, Tsepon W. D. Tibet: A Political History (1967), p. 46. Yale University Press, New Haven and London.
- ^ Shakabpa, Tsepon W. D. Tibet: A Political History (1967), p. 47. Yale University Press, New Haven and London.
- ^ Shakabpa, Tsepon W. D. Tibet: A Political History (1967), p. 48. Yale University Press, New Haven and London.
- ^ Richardson, Hugh. A Corpus of Early Tibetan Inscriptions (1981), p. 44. Royal Asiatic Society, London. ISBN 0-947593-00-4.