Monograptidae is an extinct family of graptolites of the order Graptoloidea.[1] Monograptids have only one row of thecae per stipe (stem, branch), unlike the biserial graptolites which have two opposing rows of thecae per stipe.[2]
| Monograptidae Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Fossil of Monograptus flemingi | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Class: | |
| Order: | |
| Family: | Monograptidae Lapworth, 1873
|
Fossil record
editFossils of Monograptidae are found from the Ordovician to the Devonian (age range: from 460.9 to 402.5 million years ago). They are especially important during the early Silurian.[2] They are known from various localities in Europe, North America, Argentina, China, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, Algeria and Morocco.[1]
Genera
editMaletz (2014) identifies 98 genera of Monograptidae. The family can possibly be divided into several subfamilies.[3]
- †Abiesgraptus Hundt, 1935
- †Acanthograptus Tsegelniuk, 1976
- †Alexandrograptus Přibyl, 1981
- †Atavograptus Rickards, 1974
- †Averianowograptus Obut, 1949
- †Awarograptus Zalasiewicz & Howe, 2003
- †Barrandeograptus Bouček, 1933
- †Bohemograptus Přibyl, 1967a
- †Bugograptus Tsegelniuk, 1976
- †Campograptus Obut, 1949
- †Cochlograptus Obut, 1987
- †Colonograptus Přibyl, 1942
- †Coronograptus Obut & Sobolevskaya, 1968 in Obut et al. (1968)
- †Corymbites Obut & Sobolevskaya, 1967 in Obut et al. (1967)
- †Crinitograptus Rickards, 1995
- †Cucullograptus Urbanek, 1954
- †Cultellograptus Loydell & Nestor, 2006
- †Cyrtograpsus Carruthers, 1867 in Murchison (1867)
- †Damosiograptus Obut, 1950
- †Demirastrites Eisel, 1912
- †Dibranchiograptus Hundt, 1949
- †Didymograptoides Hundt, 1951
- †Diversograptus Manck, 1923
- †Dulebograptus Tsegelniuk, 1976
- †Egregiograptus Rickards & Wright, 1997
- †Enigmagraptus Rickards & Wright, 2004
- †Euroclimacis Štorch, 1998a
- †Falcatograptus Hundt, 1965
- †Formosograptus Bouček et al., 1976
- †Fterograptus Tsegelniuk, 1976
- †Gangliograptus Hundt, 1939
- †Globosograptus Bouček & Přibyl, 1948 in Přibyl (1948a)
- †Heisograptus Tsegelniuk, 1976
- †Hemimonograptus Zhao 1984
- †Hubeigraptus Li, 1995
- †Huttagraptus Koren’ & Bjerreskov, 1997
- †Istrograptus Tsegelniuk, 1976
- †Korenea Rickards et al., 1995
- †Kurganakograptus Golikov, 1969
- †Lagarograptus Obut & Sobolevskaya, 1968 in Obut et al. (1968)
- †Lapworthograptus Bouček & Přibyl, 1952
- †Lenzia Rickards & Wright, 1999
- †Linograptus Frech, 1897
- †Lituigraptus Ni, 1978
- †Lobograptus Urbanek, 1958
- †Lomatoceras Bronn, 1835
- †Mediograptus Bouček & Přibyl, 1948 in Přibyl (1948a)
- †Metamonograptus Wang, 1977
- †Monoclimacis Frech, 1897
- †Monograpsus Geinitz, 1852
- †Monoprion Barrande, 1850
- †Mystiograptus Hundt, 1965
- †Neocolonograptus Urbanek, 1997
- †Neocucullograptus Urbanek, 1970
- †Neodiversograptus Urbanek, 1963
- †Neolagarograptus Štorch, 1998b
- †Neolobograptus Urbanek, 1970
- †Neomonograptus Mu & Ni, 1973
- †Obutograptus Mu, 1955
- †Oktavites Levina, 1928
- †Paradiversograptus Sennikov, 1976
- †Paragraptus Hundt, 1965
- †Paramonoclimacis Wang & Ma, 1977 in Wang & Jin (1977)
- †Pernerograptus Přibyl, 1941
- †Polonograptus Tsegelniuk, 1976
- †Pomatograptus Jaekel, 1889
- †Přibylograptus Obut & Sobolevskaya, 1966
- †Pristiograptus Jaekel, 1889
- †Prochnygraptus Přibyl & Štorch, 1985
- †Procyrtograptus Poulsen, 1943
- †Prolinograptus Rickards & Wright, 1997
- †Proteograptus Lenz et al., 2012
- †Pseudomonoclimacis Mikhailova, 1975
- †Pseudostreptograptus Loydell, 1991a
- †Quasipernerograptus Zhao, 1984
- †Rastrites Barrande, 1850
- †Rastrograptus Hopkinson & Lapworth, 1875
- †Saetograptus Přibyl, 1942
- †Sinodiversograptus Mu & Chen, 1962
- †Skalograptus Tsegelniuk, 1976
- †Slovinograptus Urbanek, 1997
- †Spirograptus Gürich, 1908
- †Stavrites Obut & Sobolevskaya, 1968 in Obut et al. (1968)
- †Stimulograptus Přibyl & Štorch, 1983
- †Streptograptus Yin, 1937
- †Tamplograptus Tsegelniuk, 1976
- †Testograptus Přibyl, 1967b
- †Thuringiograptus Hundt, 1935
- †Tirassograptus Tsegelniuk, 1976
- †Torquigraptus Loydell, 1993
- †Trimorphograptus Zhao, 1984
- †Tyrsograptus Obut, 1949
- †Uncinatograptus Tsegelniuk, 1976
- †Uralograptus Koren’, 1962
- †Urbanekia Rickards & Wright, 1999
- ? †Vietnamograptus van Phuc, 1998
- †Wandograptus Rickards & Jell, 2002
- †Wolynograptus Tsegelniuk, 1976
References
edit- ^ a b Paleobiology Database Paleobiology Database
- ^ a b Maletz, Jörg (2017). Graptolite Paleobiology. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781118515617.
- ^ Maletz, Jörg (2014). "The classification of the Pterobranchia (Cephalodiscida and Graptolithina)". Bulletin of Geosciences. 89 (3): 477–540. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1465. ISSN 1214-1119.