Meshcheryakov or Mescheryakov (Russian: Мещеряков) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Meshcheryakova or Mescheryakova. It may refer to:
- Andrei Meshcheryakov (footballer) (born 1984), Russian football player
- Andrei Meshcheryakov (swimmer) (born 1994), Russian swimmer
- Natalya Meshcheryakova (born 1972), Russian swimmer
- Yuriy Meshcheryakov (1946–2001), Soviet, Russian and Ukrainian animator