Melicope rubra, commonly known as the little evodia,[4] is a species of small tree in the citrus family Rutaceae, native to New Guinea and northeast Queensland. It was originally described as Euodia rubra in 1900. It has trifoliate leaves and pink bisexual flowers arranged on branches below the leaves.
| Little evodia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Mature tree in Cairns | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Rutaceae |
| Genus: | Melicope |
| Species: | M. rubra
|
| Binomial name | |
| Melicope rubra | |
| Synonyms[2][3] | |
| |
Description edit
Melicope rubra is a tree that may grow to a height of 7 m (23 ft) with a trunk diameter of about 30 cm (12 in), but flowers and fruits as a shrub. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs and are trifoliate on a petiole 20–75 mm (0.79–2.95 in) long. The leaflets are egg-shaped, 40–150 mm (1.6–5.9 in) long and 15–45 mm (0.59–1.77 in) wide, the leaflets sessile or on a petiolule up to 10 mm (0.39 in) long. The flowers are bisexual and arranged in panicles 25–65 mm (0.98–2.56 in) long on branches below the leaves. The sepals are more or less round to egg-shaped, 1.5–2.5 mm (0.059–0.098 in) long and joined at the base. The petals are pink, 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long and there are four stamens. Flowering occurs from February to June and the fruit consists of up to four follicles 20–30 mm (0.79–1.18 in) long and fused for at least half their length.[4][5][6]
Taxonomy edit
The little evodia was first formally described as Euodia rubra by the German botanists Carl Adolf Georg Lauterbach and Karl Moritz Schumann, based on plant material collected in New Guinea by Lauterbach in 1896. Their work was published in 1900 in Schumann's book, Die Flora der Deutschen Schutzgebiete in der Sudsee.[7][8] In 2001 the American botanist Thomas Gordon Hartley published a 329-page revision of the closely related genera Euodia and Melicope, in which he transferred this species to Melicope.[6][9]
Etymology edit
The genus name Melicope is from the Ancient Greek méli (honey), and cope (to chop, cut or divide), which refers to the notches in the nectar glands. The species epithet rubra is from the Latin ruber, red.[10]
Distribution and habitat edit
This species is native to northeastern Queensland (where it ranges from near Rossville southwards to the area around Cardwell) and New Guinea (where it is mostly found along the central chain of highlands).[11] It grows in and adjacent to rainforest, and also in monsoon forest and wet sclerophyll forest. Its altitudinal range in Queensland is from sea level to about 850 m (2,790 ft), and 100 to 3,450 m (330 to 11,320 ft) in New Guinea.[4][5][6]
Conservation status edit
This species is classified as least concern under the Queensland Government's Nature Conservation Act 1992.[1] As of 19 February 2024[update], it has not been assessed by the international Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Ecology edit
Various species of honeyeaters and lorikeets visit the flowers for nectar, and the seeds are eaten by Macleay's honeyeaters (Xanthotis macleayanus). The tree also serves as one of the host plants for the Ulysses butterfly (Papilio ulysses) and the Emperor Gum Moth (Opodiphthera eucalypti).[10][12][13][14][15]
Cultivation edit
The little evodia has become a popular choice for both private gardens and public parks and streets, due to its small size, colourful flowers and the birds and butterflies which are attracted to it. Around 95 plants of this species have been planted by Cairns Regional Council around the city.[5][12][16]
Gallery edit
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Young street tree in Cairns -
Foliage and flowers -
Flowers close-up -
Ripe fruit -
Dehisced fruit -
Old fruit -
A Yellow Honeyeater (Stomiopera flava) gathering nectar in a little evodia
References edit
- ^ a b "Species profile—Melicope rubra". Queensland Department of Environment and Science. Queensland Government. 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
- ^ a b "Melicope rubra". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
- ^ "Melicope rubra (Lauterb. & K.Schum.) T.G.Hartley". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
- ^ a b c Hartley, T.G. (2022). "Melicope rubra (Lauterb. & K.Schum.) T.G.Hartley". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
- ^ a b c F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Melicope rubra". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
- ^ a b c Hartley, T.G. (February 2001). "On the Taxonomy and Biogeography of Euodia and Melicope (Rutaceae)". Allertonia. 8 (1): 211–213. JSTOR 23189298.
- ^ "Euodia rubra". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
- ^ Schumann, Karl Moritz; Lauterbach, Carl Adolf Georg (1900). Die Flora der deutschen Schutzgebiete in der Südsee. Leipzig: Gebrüder Borntraeger. pp. 375–376. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
- ^ "Melicope rubra". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
- ^ a b Cooper, Wendy; Cooper, William T. (June 2004). Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest. Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia: Nokomis Editions. p. 470. ISBN 978-0958174213.
- ^ "Search: species: Melicope rubra | Occurrence records". Australasian Virtual Herbarium. Australian Government. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
- ^ a b Simpson, Donald. "Melicope rubra". Some Magnetic Island Plants. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
- ^ "Melicope rubra". Australian Native Plants Society (Australia). Retrieved 20 February 2024.
- ^ "Papilio ulysses". Coffs Harbour Butterfly House. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
- ^ "Austrocaligula eucalypti". Coffs Harbour Butterfly House. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
- ^ "TreePlotter". Cairns Regional Council’s Street and Park Tree Database.
External links edit
- View a map of herbarium records of this species at the Australasian Virtual Herbarium
- View observations of this species on iNaturalist
- See images of this species on Flickriver