Wikipedia

Masud Husain

Masud Husain FMedSci[1] is a clinical neurologist and neuroscientist working in the UK. He is Professor of Neurology & Cognitive Neuroscience at the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences[2] and Departmental of Experimental Psychology,[3] University of Oxford, a Professorial Fellow at New College, Oxford,[4] and Editor-in-Chief of the journal Brain[5]. He was born in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).

Husain in 2023

Education edit

Husain was educated at King Edward VI Camp Hill School for Boys, Birmingham, and studied Physiological Sciences (Medicine) at New College, Oxford,[4] before completing his Doctor of Philosophy degree at Christ Church, Oxford, where he was a Senior Scholar. He held a Harkness Fellowship while a postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory of Richard A. Andersen at MIT.[6] Husain completed his clinical and neurological training at hospitals in Oxford and London.[2]

Research and career edit

Husain's research focuses on cognitive functions in people with neurological diseases and healthy people.[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]

Attention and inattention edit

His work on people with hemispatial neglect following stroke demonstrated several novel components of this syndrome. Using the attentional blink paradigm he showed that there were non-spatial, selective attention deficits in these patients,[16] in addition to their well-established directional attentional bias. Subsequent behavioural studies revealed that some people with hemispatial neglect can also suffer from impaired spatial working memory,[17] often revisiting locations without being aware that they have fixated them before.[18][19] Some may have poor sustained attention as measured on vigilance tasks,[20] or even directional motor deficits as indexed by paradigms where the spatial location of a visual target is dissociated from direction of movement required to reach it.[21][22] These findings provided further evidence for neglect being a multi-component syndrome, with different patients having different deficits, depending upon the extent of their lesion.[23][24] Critical brain regions associated with neglect that were identified by this work, included the right inferior posterior parietal and frontal regions.[25][26] Experimental medicine studies by Husain's group using the dopamine agonist rotigotine[27] and the noradrenergic agonist guanfacine[28][29] demonstrated that these drugs can ameliorate hemispatial neglect to some extent by improving attention.

Visual short-term or working memory edit

By using new methods to measure the precision of recall in healthy people, work in Husain's lab challenged the view that capacity of visual short-term memory or working memory is limited to a fixed number of items.[30][31] Instead, this research revealed that although short-term memory is a highly limited resource, it can be flexibly deployed depending upon task demands.[32] This work led to the application of new methods to measure short-term memory in patients with Alzheimer's disease,[33][34] Parkinson's disease[33][34][35] and individuals at risk of developing these conditions.[33][34][35][36] The techniques that have been developed can provide more sensitive ways to measure short-term memory than traditional methods.[37] They have also revealed how different mechanisms might underlie short-term memory disorders in different neurological conditions.[34]

Motivation, apathy and initiation of action edit

Work from Husain's lab showed that lesions to ventral basal ganglia leads to a condition of profound apathy, manifest as a lack of motivation to initiate action and specifically attributable to a deficit in reward sensitivity.[38] Using the dopamine receptor agonist ropinirole, it was possible to improve reward sensitivity, restore motivational vigour and reverse apathy.[38] These observations stimulated larger-scale studies in Parkinson's disease, a condition associated with basal ganglia pathology and often debilitating apathy. The syndrome of pathological apathy in Parkinson's disease[39][40] and small vessel cerebrovascular disease[41][42] was found to be characterised by reduced sensitivity to rewards, a deficit that could be ameliorated by dopaminergic drugs in Parkinson's disease.[39][40] This has led to a theoretical framework to understand mechanisms underlying apathy across brain disorders which incorporates concepts from cost-benefit decision making to formalise how people differ in their willingness to engage in effort in order to obtain potential rewards.[43]

The basal ganglia are considered to be essential for linking motivation to action systems.[44] Outputs of the basal ganglia are strongly connected to medial frontal cortex. Husain's group identified a mechanism that resolves competition between conflicting action plans, in medial frontal brain regions, including the supplementary eye field,[45] supplementary motor area and pre-supplementary motor area.[46][47] A key component of voluntary control paradoxically appears to involve inhibition of unwanted actions that are primed automatically by seeing objects around us.[48] This control is lost following supplementary motor area and pre-supplementary motor area lesions. Findings from lesion, stimulation and physiological studies were incorporated to provide a new theoretical framework for the role of the supplementary motor area and pre-supplementary motor area complex.[49]

Awards and honours edit

Husain held a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship at Imperial College London (2000-2007) and University College London, UCL (2007–12). He was awarded a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellowship (2012-2023) and elected Fellow of the UK Academy of Medical Sciences (2008).[1] Husain won the Royal College of Physicians' (London) Graham Bull Prize in Clinical Science (2006), British Neuropsychological Society's Elizabeth Warrington Prize (2006),[50] and the European Academy of Neurology Investigator Award (2016).[51] He is Fellow of the American Academy of Neurology (2018) and Fellow of the European Academy of Neurology (2018),[52] and is co-lead of the NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre Dementia theme (2022 -)[53] and Dementia Research Oxford at the University of Oxford[54]

References edit

  1. ^ a b "Professor Masud Husain | The Academy of Medical Sciences". acmedsci.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  2. ^ a b "Masud Husain". www.ndcn.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  3. ^ "Masud Husain". www.psy.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  4. ^ a b "Masud Husain | New College". www.new.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  5. ^ "Editorial_Board". Oxford Academic. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  6. ^ "Alumni". Andersen Lab. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  7. ^ "Masud Husain". www.ndcn.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  8. ^ "Masud Husain". www.psy.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  9. ^ "Brain structure may be root of apathy | University of Oxford". www.ox.ac.uk. 2015-11-13. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
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  15. ^ "Brain disorders affect 1 in 3 Covid survivors, large UK study shows". www.ft.com. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  16. ^ Husain, Masud; Shapiro, Kimron; Martin, Jesse; Kennard, Christopher (1997). "Abnormal temporal dynamics of visual attention in spatial neglect patients". Nature. 385 (6612): 154–156. Bibcode:1997Natur.385..154H. doi:10.1038/385154a0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 8990117. S2CID 4281607.
  17. ^ Malhotra, Paresh; Jager, H. Rolf; Parton, Andrew; Greenwood, Richard; Playford, E. Diane; Brown, Martin M.; Driver, John; Husain, Masud (2004-12-22). "Spatial working memory capacity in unilateral neglect". Brain. 128 (2): 424–435. doi:10.1093/brain/awh372. ISSN 1460-2156. PMID 15644422.
  18. ^ Husain, M. (2001-05-01). "Impaired spatial working memory across saccades contributes to abnormal search in parietal neglect". Brain. 124 (5): 941–952. doi:10.1093/brain/124.5.941. PMID 11335696.
  19. ^ Mannan, Sabira K.; Mort, Dominic J.; Hodgson, Tim L.; Driver, Jon; Kennard, Christopher; Husain, Masud (2005-02-01). "Revisiting Previously Searched Locations in Visual Neglect: Role of Right Parietal and Frontal Lesions in Misjudging Old Locations as New". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 17 (2): 340–354. doi:10.1162/0898929053124983. ISSN 0898-929X. PMID 15811244. S2CID 9434730.
  20. ^ Malhotra, Paresh; Coulthard, Elizabeth J.; Husain, Masud (2009). "Role of right posterior parietal cortex in maintaining attention to spatial locations over time". Brain. 132 (3): 645–660. doi:10.1093/brain/awn350. ISSN 1460-2156. PMC 2664449. PMID 19158107.
  21. ^ Mattingley, Jason B.; Husain, Masud; Rorden, Chris; Kennard, Christopher; Driver, Jon (1998). "Motor role of human inferior parietal lobe revealed in unilateral neglect patients". Nature. 392 (6672): 179–182. Bibcode:1998Natur.392..179M. doi:10.1038/32413. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 9515962. S2CID 205001866.
  22. ^ Husain, M.; Mattingley, Jason B.; Rorden, Chris; Kennard, Christopher; Driver, John (2000-08-01). "Distinguishing sensory and motor biases in parietal and frontal neglect". Brain. 123 (8): 1643–1659. doi:10.1093/brain/123.8.1643. PMID 10908194.
  23. ^ Husain, Masud; Rorden, Chris (2003). "Non-spatially lateralized mechanisms in hemispatial neglect". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 4 (1): 26–36. doi:10.1038/nrn1005. ISSN 1471-003X. PMID 12511859. S2CID 11450338.
  24. ^ Husain, Masud (2019). "Visual Attention: What Inattention Reveals about the Brain". Current Biology. 29 (7): R262–R264. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.02.026. PMID 30939313. S2CID 89617355.
  25. ^ Mort, Dominic J.; Malhotra, Paresh; Mannan, Sabira K; Rorden, Chris; Pambakian, Alidz; Kennard, Chris; Husain, Masud (2003-09-01). "The anatomy of visual neglect". Brain. 126 (9): 1986–1997. doi:10.1093/brain/awg200. ISSN 1460-2156. PMID 12821519.
  26. ^ Husain, Masud; Kennard, Christopher (1996-09-01). "Visual neglect associated with frontal lobe infarction". Journal of Neurology. 243 (9): 652–657. doi:10.1007/BF00878662. ISSN 1432-1459. PMID 8892067. S2CID 11280313.
  27. ^ Gorgoraptis, Nikos; Mah, Yee-Haur; Machner, Bjoern; Singh-Curry, Victoria; Malhotra, Paresh; Hadji-Michael, Maria; Cohen, David; Simister, Robert; Nair, Ajoy; Kulinskaya, Elena; Ward, Nick; Greenwood, Richard; Husain, Masud (2012). "The effects of the dopamine agonist rotigotine on hemispatial neglect following stroke". Brain. 135 (8): 2478–2491. doi:10.1093/brain/aws154. ISSN 1460-2156. PMC 3407421. PMID 22761293.
  28. ^ Malhotra, Paresh A.; Parton, Andrew D.; Greenwood, Richard; Husain, Masud (2006). "Noradrenergic modulation of space exploration in visual neglect". Annals of Neurology. 59 (1): 186–190. doi:10.1002/ana.20701. ISSN 0364-5134. PMID 16261567. S2CID 41900093.
  29. ^ Dalmaijer, Edwin S.; Li, Korina M. S.; Gorgoraptis, Nikos; Leff, Alexander P.; Cohen, David L.; Parton, Andrew D.; Husain, Masud; Malhotra, Paresh A. (2018-06-01). "Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of single-dose guanfacine in unilateral neglect following stroke". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 89 (6): 593–598. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2017-317338. ISSN 0022-3050. PMC 6031270. PMID 29436486.
  30. ^ Bays, Paul M.; Husain, Masud (2008-08-08). "Dynamic Shifts of Limited Working Memory Resources in Human Vision". Science. 321 (5890): 851–854. Bibcode:2008Sci...321..851B. doi:10.1126/science.1158023. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 2532743. PMID 18687968.
  31. ^ Bays, P. M.; Catalao, R. F. G.; Husain, M. (2009-09-01). "The precision of visual working memory is set by allocation of a shared resource". Journal of Vision. 9 (10): 7.1–11. doi:10.1167/9.10.7. ISSN 1534-7362. PMC 3118422. PMID 19810788.
  32. ^ Ma, Wei Ji; Husain, Masud; Bays, Paul M. (2014). "Changing concepts of working memory". Nature Neuroscience. 17 (3): 347–356. doi:10.1038/nn.3655. ISSN 1546-1726. PMC 4159388. PMID 24569831.
  33. ^ a b c Zokaei, Nahid; Sillence, Annie; Kienast, Annika; Drew, Daniel; Plant, Olivia; Slavkova, Ellie; Manohar, Sanjay G.; Husain, Masud (2020-11-01). "Different patterns of short-term memory deficit in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and subjective cognitive impairment". Cortex. 132: 41–50. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2020.06.016. ISSN 0010-9452. PMC 7651994. PMID 32919108.
  34. ^ a b c d Zokaei, Nahid; Husain, Masud (2019), Hodgson, Timothy (ed.), "Working Memory in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease", Processes of Visuospatial Attention and Working Memory, Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol. 41, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 325–344, doi:10.1007/7854_2019_103, ISBN 978-3-030-31026-4, PMID 31347008, S2CID 198912072, retrieved 2023-10-30
  35. ^ a b Rolinski, Michal; Zokaei, Nahid; Baig, Fahd; Giehl, Kathrin; Quinnell, Timothy; Zaiwalla, Zenobia; Mackay, Clare E.; Husain, Masud; Hu, Michele T. M. (2016). "Visual short-term memory deficits in REM sleep behaviour disorder mirror those in Parkinson's disease". Brain. 139 (1): 47–53. doi:10.1093/brain/awv334. ISSN 0006-8950. PMC 4949392. PMID 26582557.
  36. ^ Liang, Yuying; Pertzov, Yoni; Nicholas, Jennifer M.; Henley, Susie M.D.; Crutch, Sebastian; Woodward, Felix; Leung, Kelvin; Fox, Nick C.; Husain, Masud (2016). "Visual short-term memory binding deficit in familial Alzheimer's disease". Cortex. 78: 150–164. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2016.01.015. PMC 4865502. PMID 27085491.
  37. ^ Zokaei, Nahid; Burnett Heyes, Stephanie; Gorgoraptis, Nikos; Budhdeo, Sanjay; Husain, Masud (2015). "Working memory recall precision is a more sensitive index than span". Journal of Neuropsychology. 9 (2): 319–329. doi:10.1111/jnp.12052. ISSN 1748-6645. PMID 25208525. S2CID 23417389.
  38. ^ a b Adam, Robert; Leff, Alexander; Sinha, Nihal; Turner, Christopher; Bays, Paul; Draganski, Bogdan; Husain, Masud (2013). "Dopamine reverses reward insensitivity in apathy following globus pallidus lesions". Cortex. 49 (5): 1292–1303. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2012.04.013. PMC 3639369. PMID 22721958.
  39. ^ a b Muhammed, Kinan; Manohar, Sanjay; Ben Yehuda, Michael; Chong, Trevor T.-J.; Tofaris, George; Lennox, Graham; Bogdanovic, Marko; Hu, Michele; Husain, Masud (2016). "Reward sensitivity deficits modulated by dopamine are associated with apathy in Parkinson's disease". Brain. 139 (10): 2706–2721. doi:10.1093/brain/aww188. ISSN 0006-8950. PMC 5035817. PMID 27452600.
  40. ^ a b Le Heron, Campbell; Plant, Olivia; Manohar, Sanjay; Ang, Yuen-Siang; Jackson, Matthew; Lennox, Graham; Hu, Michele T; Husain, Masud (2018-05-01). "Distinct effects of apathy and dopamine on effort-based decision-making in Parkinson's disease". Brain. 141 (5): 1455–1469. doi:10.1093/brain/awy110. ISSN 0006-8950. PMC 5917786. PMID 29672668.
  41. ^ Le Heron, Campbell; Manohar, Sanjay; Plant, Olivia; Muhammed, Kinan; Griffanti, Ludovica; Nemeth, Andrea; Douaud, Gwenaëlle; Markus, Hugh S; Husain, Masud (2018-10-20). "Dysfunctional effort-based decision-making underlies apathy in genetic cerebral small vessel disease". Brain. 141 (11): 3193–3210. doi:10.1093/brain/awy257. ISSN 0006-8950. PMC 6202575. PMID 30346491.
  42. ^ Saleh, Youssuf; Le Heron, Campbell; Petitet, Pierre; Veldsman, Michele; Drew, Daniel; Plant, Olivia; Schulz, Ursula; Sen, Arjune; Rothwell, Peter M; Manohar, Sanjay; Husain, Masud (2021-05-07). "Apathy in small vessel cerebrovascular disease is associated with deficits in effort-based decision making". Brain. 144 (4): 1247–1262. doi:10.1093/brain/awab013. ISSN 0006-8950. PMC 8240747. PMID 33734344.
  43. ^ Husain, Masud; Roiser, Jonathan P. (2018). "Neuroscience of apathy and anhedonia: a transdiagnostic approach". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 19 (8): 470–484. doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0029-9. ISSN 1471-0048. PMID 29946157. S2CID 49428707.
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  45. ^ Husain, Masud; Parton, Andrew; Hodgson, Timothy L.; Mort, Dominic; Rees, Geraint (2003). "Self-control during response conflict by human supplementary eye field". Nature Neuroscience. 6 (2): 117–118. doi:10.1038/nn1005. ISSN 1097-6256. PMID 12536212. S2CID 11770770.
  46. ^ Nachev, Parashkev; Rees, Geraint; Parton, Andrew; Kennard, Christopher; Husain, Masud (2005). "Volition and Conflict in Human Medial Frontal Cortex". Current Biology. 15 (2): 122–128. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.006. PMC 2648721. PMID 15668167.
  47. ^ Nachev, Parashkev; Wydell, Henrietta; O’Neill, Kevin; Husain, Masud; Kennard, Christopher (2007). "The role of the pre-supplementary motor area in the control of action". NeuroImage. 36 (3): T155–T163. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.03.034. PMC 2648723. PMID 17499162.
  48. ^ Sumner, Petroc; Nachev, Parashkev; Morris, Peter; Peters, Andrew M.; Jackson, Stephen R.; Kennard, Christopher; Husain, Masud (2007). "Human Medial Frontal Cortex Mediates Unconscious Inhibition of Voluntary Action". Neuron. 54 (5): 697–711. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.05.016. PMC 1890004. PMID 17553420.
  49. ^ Nachev, Parashkev; Kennard, Christopher; Husain, Masud (2009). "Cognition and the supplementary motor complex". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 10 (1): 78. doi:10.1038/nrn2478-c2. ISSN 1471-003X. S2CID 26352556.
  50. ^ "Prizes & Bursaries". www.the-bns.org. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  51. ^ "Investigator Awards". ean.org. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  52. ^ "Fellows of EAN". ean.org. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  53. ^ "Dementia – NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre". oxfordhealthbrc.nihr.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  54. ^ "Dementia Research Oxford — Oxford Neuroscience". www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
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