Marcus Martin (1893–1981) was an Australian architect. He was an associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects, fellow of Royal Institute of Architects, and honorary secretary to the Royal Victorian Institute of Architects.[1]
Marcus William Martin | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1893 Launceston, Tasmania |
| Died | 1981 (aged 87–88) |
| Occupation | Architect |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Subject | Architecture |
| Literary movement | Moderne architecture, Georgian architecture, Spanish Colonial Revival architecture |
Martin was probably the most popular architect amongst the wealthy Toorak establishment in Melbourne, Australia during the interwar period and produced many buildings that exhibited his hallmark of restrained modernism.[2] Martin was a Lieutenant in World War I where he suffered a gun shot wound in France; Martin also enlisted in World War II.[3]
Early life and career edit
Martin was born in 1893 in Launceston, Tasmania. He and his family moved from Tasmania to Melbourne in 1908. Martin then attended Melbourne Grammar School before serving his articles with A & K Henderson architects.[4] Martin completed an architectural diploma course at the University of Melbourne.
Martin was considered a 'society' architect, designing houses for people such as;[5][6][7][8][9]
- Hollywood silent film star Claire Adams
- Oil magnate Sir Hamilton Sleigh
- Parents of Prime Minister of Australia, Malcolm Fraser
- Sir William Irvine, GCMG KC, former Lieutenant-Governor, Attorney-General, Premier of Victoria, and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
- Walter Murray Buntine, founder of Caulfield Grammar, see Buntine oration
- Sir Henry Gullet
- Captain Keppel Palmer, aides-de-camp to the Earl of Stradbroke and Governor of Victoria
- Major Edric Henty, from the pioneering Henty family
- Major General Harold Grimwade CMG CB
- Sir Thomas Nettlefold, businessman and Lord Mayor of Melbourne
- Lauchlan ("L.K.S.") MacKinnon, former Chairman of the Victoria Racing Club
- Colonel Sir George Stevenson CMG, ANZAC commander
- Sir Stanley Argyle, Premier of Victoria 1932–35, and Lady Argyle
- Sir Rupert Clarke, 2nd Baronet of Rupertswood
- Commodore Alvord Rosenthal OBE
Martin also completed works at Ormond College, University of Melbourne
Studio edit
Martin had a number of business enterprises[10] and partners, being;
- Alsop & Martin (1920-1921)
- A & K Henderson, Alsop & Martin (1921-1924)
- Marcus W Martin (1924-1926)
- W & R Butler & Martin (1926-1931)
- Marcus W Martin (1932-1938)
- Marcus Martin & Tribe (1938-1949)
- Marcus W Martin (1949-1958)
Martin was prolific as an architect, he designed no fewer than 17 houses in Domain Road, South Yarra.
Influences edit
While Martin had visited Egypt and France through his war service, he was introduced to Modern architecture during his 11 months in Europe in 1931, where he also represented the RVIA at the International Housing and Town Planning Congress in Berlin which was hosted by Mies van der Rohe.[11][12] During this study tour, Martin was impressed by the work of Dutch modernist Willem Marinus Dudok, and the National Romantic style of Ragnar Östberg's Stockholm City Hall.[13]
Martin was concerned about architecture that groaned under the weight of irrelevant classic detail and was impressed by modern architecture that was free from artificiality. He believed that the welfare of mankind should be an architect's first consideration, as well as building and planning for the future.[14]
Robin Boyd later reflected that "all the founders of modern architecture disparaged the terrible buildings that were done in the name of art and creativity throughout the nineteenth century. They had to fight the ornament, the contrived symmetry and fakery of popular buildings to clear the way for a true architecture."[15]
Martin and his peers were also influenced by the economic privations of the time. The Great Depression in Australia lasted from 1928 to 1934, a period where building completions fell by 95%, with austerity measures prior to of WW2 further hampering economic recovery. It was not until the mid-1950s that civilian building returned to the levels seen in the 1920s.[16]
Martin was president of the T-Square Club which included members such as Rodney Howard Alsop, Keith Cheetham, Lindsay Bernard Hall, Robert Bell Hamilton, James Stuart MacDonald, William Beckwith McInnes, and Percy Hayman Meldrum. The club met for lunch bi-monthly at the Melbourne Savage Club where most of them were Members; Martin was also a member of the Melbourne Club.[17]
Style edit
Primarily a residential architect, Martin was well known for his Georgian Revival and Spanish Mission design prior to the Great Depression. However, by the early 1930s, Martin's oeuvre mostly comprised the use of a restrained Moderne approach over an essentially Georgian building form.[18]
Martin specialised in a quietly historicist mode that achieved a compromise between the prevailing period revival styles, and a more modern architectural expression.[19]
Martin was known for his attention to detail, external facades were white stucco with generous square windows, including wrought iron (internal & external) by the important firm Caslake, and gardens by Edna Walling, one of Australia's most influential landscape designers.[20][21]
Notable examples of Martin's style include 5 Linlithgow Road, Toorak, and 2 Lascelles Avenue, Toorak, both of which are listed (with others) as being of State significance by the Victorian Heritage Register. Linlithgow Road, which included one of Melbourne's first private swimming pools, is described by Heritage Victoria as being "One of the most refined and elegant Art Deco influenced mansions in Melbourne, representing the high point of the work of Marcus Martin, and a building of obvious influence. There are few equivalent houses in Victoria that demonstrate the abundant attributes of this property."[22]
In the late 1930s and post-war period he also became involved in institutional design, most importantly the design of some 20 kindergartens. Martin's designs ushered in a whole new range of features, such as low roofs, and materials previously unused in such buildings, such as hardwood walls and concrete floors almost level to outside areas.[23][24]
Legacy edit
It was residential architecture in post-war Australia where international modern architecture was most eloquently and skilfully expressed, creating a central expression of Australian culture. These architects considered what Modernism might mean in an Australian setting; earlier examples in Australia of experimental and functional architecture that engaged regional concerns had a significant influence on Modernist post war houses designed for the new suburbs of Australian cities.[25] According to Barry Humphries, Melbourne's inner suburbs are amongst the most congenial and attractive residential areas in the world and it may be that the real heroes of Australian architecture are the designers of these 'inter-war' houses.[26]
Martin influenced the next generation of pioneer modernists such as Geoffrey Mewton and Sir Roy Grounds, leading to what Robin Boyd described as 'the Victorian type'.[27]
By the 1950s Martin was training the next generation of Australian architects, such as Neil Clerehan, who trained under him at Martin & Tribe in 1946 and is considered one of Melbourne's great architectural figures.[28] Clerehan and Martin worked together on the Gordon Homes project on the Nepean Highway.[29] David Godsell also worked for Martin while still an architecture student, and later went on to design important houses such as The Godsell House, "a notable example of postwar Modern residential architecture."[30] Godsell also worked for Guilford Bell who at one stage was in partnership with Neil Clerehan.[31] Martin's legacy establishes a link in the Australian design vernacular from the early 20th Century through Mid-century modern to contemporary architects such as Sean Godsell, son of David Godsell.[32]
References edit
- ^ "Architect goes Abroad". The Herald. 27 January 1931.
- ^ "42 Wallace Avenue, Toorak". Heritage Council Victoria. 31 August 1999.
- ^ "Service Record: MARTIN MARCUS WILLIAM : Service Number - V148481 : Date of birth - 16 Aug 1893 : Place of birth - LAUNCESTON TAS". National Archives of Australia.
- ^ "2 Lascelles Avenue, Toorak". Victorian Heritage Database, Heritage Council Victoria.
- ^ Wilson, Amber (25 November 2016). "Step back in time at heritage estate garden party". The Courier.
- ^ "Victorian Heritage Register; 42 Wallace Avenue, Toorak". Heritage Council of Victoria.
- ^ Clerehan, Neil (15 December 1981). "Obituary, Marcus Martin, 88". The Age.
- ^ "Martin, Marcus (1933), Residence at Wallace Ave Toorak for Lady Irvine, Papers of Sir William Hill Irvine, MS 14267". State Library of Victoria.
- ^ Raworth, Bryce (1986). Marcus Martin: A Survey of his Life and Work. University of Melbourne.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Raworth, Bryce (1986). Marcus Martin: A Survey of his Life and Work. University of Melbourne.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Architect Goes Abroad, The Herald". Trove. 27 January 1931.
- ^ "Personal Paragraphs, The Herald". 17 December 1931.
- ^ "Journal of the Royal Victorian Institute of Architects, Vol.XXIX, No.6, p.173" (PDF). University of Melbourne.
- ^ "Mr. Marcus W. Martin (F.) A.R.I.B.A." Journal of the Royal Australian Institute of Architects. XXIX (6): 173. January 1932.
- ^ Foundation, Robin Boyd (2013). Robin Boyd, Living in Australia. Thames & Hudson. p. 28. ISBN 9780500500385.
- ^ An Unfinished Experiment in Living, Australian Houses 1950-65. UWA Publishing. 2017. p. 7. ISBN 9781742586694.
- ^ "Melbourne Savage Club". Victorian Heritage Database, Heritage Council Victoria.
- ^ Peter Cuffley (1989). Australian Houses of the '20s and '30s. Five Mile Press. ISBN 978-0-86788-209-4.
- ^ Raworth, Bryce (2012). The Encyclopedia of Australian architecture. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521888578.
- ^ 'Churston'. The Australian home beautiful. 1 May 1937. p. 28.
- ^ Clerehan, Neil (15 December 1981). "Obituary, Marcus Martin, 88". The Age.
- ^ "Citation: 5 Linlithgow Road, Toorak". Heritage Victoria.
- ^ "Robert Cochrane Kindergarten, Victorian Heritage Database Report". Heritage Council of Victoria.
- ^ Clerehan, Neil (15 December 1981). "Obituary, Marcus Martin, 88". The Age.
- ^ An Unfinished Experiment in Living, Australian Houses 1950-65. UWA Publishing. 2017. pp. Introduction. ISBN 9781742586694.
- ^ Raworth, Bryce (1991). "Our Inter-War Houses". Technical Bulletin 10.1: 5.
- ^ Raworth, Bryce (2012). The Encyclopedia of Australian architecture. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521888578.
- ^ Goad, Philip (24 January 2018). "Vale Neil Clerehan". ArchitectureAU.
- ^ Harriet Edquist (2009). The Architecture of Neil Clerehan. RMIT Publishing. pp. 17–. ISBN 978-1-921426-53-7.
- ^ "David Godsell House, Victorian Heritage Database". Heritage Council of Victoria.
- ^ "Guilford Bell, Biography". Design & Art Australia Online.
- ^ "No guts, no glory". The Age. 24 September 2003.
Further reading edit
- Raworth, Bryce (1986). Marcus Martin: a survey of his life and work. Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, University of Melbourne.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Goad, Philip; Willis, Julie (2011). The Encyclopedia of Australian Architecture. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521888578.