Marbofloxacin is a carboxylic acid derivative third generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It is used in veterinary medicine under the brand names Marbocyl, Forcyl, Marbo vet and Zeniquin. A formulation of marbofloxacin combined with clotrimazole and dexamethasone is available under the name Aurizon (CAS number 115550-35-1).
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| Trade names | XeniQuin bolus & Injection (Opsonin Agrovet BD) |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
| Routes of administration | By mouth |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.168.181 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C17H19FN4O4 |
| Molar mass | 362.361 g·mol−1 |
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Mechanism of action
editIts mechanism of action is not thoroughly understood, but it is believed to be similar to the other fluoroquinolones by impairing the bacterial DNA gyrase which results in rapid bactericidal activity.[1] The other proposed mechanisms include that it acts against nondividing bacteria and does not require protein and RNA synthesis, which block protein and RNA synthesis respectively.[2][clarification needed]
Activity
editMarbofloxacin is a synthetic, broad spectrum bactericidal agent. The bactericidal activity of marbofloxacin is concentration dependent, with susceptible bacteria cell death occurring within 20–30 minutes of exposure. Like other fluoroquinolones, marbofloxacin has demonstrated a significant post-antibiotic effect for both gram– and + bacteria and is active in both stationary and growth phases of bacterial replication.[3]
It has good activity against many gram-negative bacilli and cocci, is effective against:
- Aeromonas
- Brucella
- Campylobacter
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Enterobacter
- Escherichia coli
- Haemophilus
- Klebsiella spp
- Mycobacterium
- Mycoplasma
- Proteus
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Salmonella
- Serratia
- Shigella
- Staphylococci (including penicillinase-producing and methicillin-resistant strains)
- Vibrio
- Yersinia
Application
editMarbofloxacin can be used both orally and topically. It is particularly used for infections of the skin, respiratory system and mammary glands in dogs and cats, as well as with urinary tract infections. For dogs, a dose ranges from 2.75 - 5.5 mg/kg once a day. The duration of treatment is usually at least five days, longer if there is a concurrent fungal or yeast infection.[4] Maximum duration of treatment is 30 days.[3]
Contraindications and side effects
editMarbofloxacin should usually be avoided in young animals because of potential cartilage abnormalities. In rare occasion, it can cause central nervous system (CNS) stimulation and should be used with caution in patients with seizure disorders.[3] Under certain conditions it can cause discomfort such as cramps, treatable with diazepam. Other adverse effects are usually limited to gastrointestinal tract (GI) distress (vomiting, anorexia, soft stools, diarrhoea) and decreased activity.[3]
References
edit- ^ Boothe, D.M. (2001) Antimicrobial drugs. In Small Animal ClinicalPharmacology and Therapeutics, pp. 150–173. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA.
- ^ Hunter RP, Koch DE, Coke RL, Carpenter JW, Isaza R. Identification and comparison of marbofloxacin metabolites from the plasma of ball pythons (Python regius) and blue and gold macaws (Ara ararauna). J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Jun;30(3):257-62.
- ^ a b c d Plumb DC (ed). Plumb's Veterinary Handbook, 7th ed. Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, 2011.
- ^ Rougier S, Borell D, Pheulpin S, Woehrlé F, Boisramé B (October 2005). "A comparative study of two antimicrobial/anti-inflammatory formulations in the treatment of canine otitis externa". Veterinary Dermatology. 16 (5): 299–307. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2005.00465.x. PMID 16238809. Archived from the original on 2013-01-05.