Malleodectes is an extinct genus of unusual marsupial, first discovered in 2011 at Riversleigh, Queensland, Australia.[2]
| Malleodectes Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Infraclass: | Marsupialia |
| Order: | Dasyuromorphia |
| Family: | †Malleodectidae Archer et al., 2016 |
| Genus: | †Malleodectes Arena et al., 2011 [1] |
| Type species | |
| Malleodectes mirabilis Arena et al. 2011 | |
| Species | |
|
M. mirabilis Arena et al. 2011 | |
Taxonomy
editThe description of the new genus and two species, was published in 2011, based on fossilised type material discovered at a Riversleigh site. The type species is named Malleodectes mirabilis and the second description published as Malleodectes moenia; their generic epithet combines terms derived from the Latin, malleo meaning hammer, and Ancient Greek, dectes for biter, in reference to the unusual dentition.
Malleodectes was classified as the sole genus of Malleodectidae in a 2016 revision, with the family allied to Dasyuromorphia.[3]
Description
editA marsupial with highly specialised dentition, an enlarged premolar with a flattened profile used to hammer open the shells of snails found in its wet forested environment. This tooth was compared by the authors to a genus of skinks, Cyclodomorphus, and concluded this represented evolutionary convergence with the modern skinks that have similar adaptation to their diet of snails; the authors gave a generalised description of this unusual animal as a "marsupial-skink".[1][4] Scott Hocknull from the Queensland Museum noticed similarities to the modern pink-tongued skink (Cyclodomorphus gerrardii), a reptile specialised for eating snails.[5] This suggests that Malleodectes was a specialised snail hunter. It could grow as large as a ferret, and lived in the Miocene, 15 million years ago.[6]
A leading author on the research and description of the species, professor Michael Archer, said of the type species, "Malleodectes mirabilis was a bizarre mammal, as strange in its own way as a koala or kangaroo …,".[2] Fossil material associated with genus had been collected by workers at Riversleigh in the years leading to the crucial discovery of a juvenile jaw containing unerupted adult teeth. The juvenile specimen was found at a cave floor deposit with the remains of other animals, the AL90 site, and postulated to have fallen from its mother into a cave that once existed in the limestone formation.[4]
References
edit- ^ a b Derrick A. Arena; Michael Archer; Henk Godthelp; Suzanne J. Hand; Scott Hocknull (2011). "Hammer-toothed 'marsupial skinks' from the Australian Cenozoic". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 278 (1724): 3529–3533. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.0486. PMC 3189376. PMID 21508033.
- ^ a b "Experts unearth ancient snail-eating marsupial". ABC News. 21 April 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
- ^ Archer, M.; Hand, S. J.; Black, K. H.; Beck, R. M. D.; Arena, D. A.; Wilson, L. A. B.; Kealy, S.; Hung, T.-t. (2016-05-27). "A new family of bizarre durophagous carnivorous marsupials from Miocene deposits in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, northwestern Queensland". Scientific Reports. 6: 26911. Bibcode:2016NatSR...626911A. doi:10.1038/srep26911. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4882580. PMID 27229325.
- ^ a b Smith, D. (27 May 2016). "Researchers find remains of bizarre group of extinct snail-eating marsupials". UNSW Newsroom. University of New South Wales.
- ^ Viegas, Jennifer (20 April 2011). "'Hammer-biter' mammal built for eating crunchy food". Discovery News. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
- ^ Churchill, T.J.; Archer, M.; Hand, S.J.; Myers, T.; Gillespie, A.; Beck, R.M.D. (March 2023). "A new diminutive durophagous Miocene dasyuromorphian (Marsupalia, Malleodectidae) from the Riversleigh World Heritage area, Northern Australia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 42 (3): e2170804. doi:10.1080/02724634.2023.2170804.