Sir Malcolm Watson (24 August 1873 – 28 December 1955) was a British pioneer malariologist who developed new methods to combat malaria in Malaya, and later went on to advise governments and industries in many countries on malaria prevention.
Sir Malcolm Watson | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 24 August 1873 Cathcart, Scotland |
| Died | 28 December 1955 (aged 82) |
| Nationality | British |
| Alma mater | Glasgow University |
| Occupation | Malariologist |
| Years active | 1900-1942 |
| Known for | Pioneering techniques in malarial prevention |
| Children | 3 sons and 1 daughter |
Early life and education
editWatson was born on 24 August 1873 in Cathcart, Renfrewshire, Scotland, the second son of George Watson, a clothier. He was educated at High School of Glasgow, took his MD at Glasgow University, graduating in medicine and arts, and went on to University College, London where he received a Cambridge Diploma in public health.[1][2]
Career
editin 1900, Watson entered the Medical Service of the Federated Malay States, and the following year was posted to Klang as district surgeon. It was here that Watson first put into practice measures to combat malaria following the discovery by Ronald Ross in 1897 that the disease was transmitted by mosquitoes. In Klang, and in many other areas of Malaya, the population had been devastated by malaria, and he began a vigorous program of mosquito control, introducing radical new methods to prevent larval reproduction in different environments.[1][2][3][4][5]
His measures, which proved remarkably successful, heralded the beginning of a campaign of mosquito control which helped change the face of Malaya so that when he left Malaya 28 years later malaria was under control. Described as the "man who conquered malaria", Ross acclaimed his work in Malaya as "the greatest sanitary achievement ever accomplished in the British Empire."[4][6][5]
In 1927, Watson left Malaya having spent seven years in government service and 21 years as a private consultant working in malarial research and prevention, and at the request of Ronald Ross joined, as director of the malaria department, the newly created Ross Institute of Tropical Health in Putney Heath, London. When Ross died in 1932 he became Director of the Institute.[1][7][5]
Whilst serving with the Ross Institute he worked with governments and industry as adviser on prevention of malaria in many areas of the world including India, Nepal, the Philippines, the Balkans, South America and South Africa. He retired in 1942.[1][5][8]
Personal life and death
editRoss married Jean Alice Gray, a nurse, and they had three sons. After she died, he married Constance Evelyn Loring in 1948, one of his research assistants, and they had a daughter.[1]
Publications
edit- The Prevention of Malaria in the Federated Malay States (1911)
- Rural Sanitation in the Tropics (1915)
- Observations on malaria control (1924)
- Mists, mosquitoes and malaria (1930)
- African Highway (1953)
Honours
editWatson was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 1924 Birthday Honours.[1][9]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f "Watson, Sir Malcolm (1873–1955), malariologist". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-36775. Retrieved 2024-06-24.
- ^ a b "Sir Malcolm Watson and the Klang Experiment". Wellcome Collection. Retrieved 2024-06-24.
- ^ Watson, Sir; Watson, Sir; Ross Sir, Ronald; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (1911). The prevention of malaria in the Federated Malay States / by Malcolm Watson with a preface by Ronald Ross. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service. Liverpool : Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine.
- ^ a b "Sir Malcolm Watson". The Straits Times. 30 December 1955. p. 8.
- ^ a b c d Macfadyen, Eric (13 January 1956). "Sir Malcolm Watson". Times. p. 11.
- ^ a b "The man who conquered malaria dies". The Straits Times. 30 December 1955. p. 4.
- ^ "Fight Against Malaria. Sir Malcolm Watson's new organisation". The Straits Times. 15 August 1928. p. 8.
- ^ "Control of Malaria". Times. 21 January 1932. p. 14.
- ^ "Page 4408 | Supplement 32941, 30 May 1924 | London Gazette | The Gazette". www.thegazette.co.uk. Retrieved 2024-06-24.