Foreign relations of Serbia are accomplished by efforts of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Serbia has inherited the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, along with all of its holdings, after the dissolution of the previous state union with Montenegro. Serbian foreign ministries continue to serve citizens of Montenegro in countries that do not have Montenegrin diplomatic presence. The governments of Serbia and Montenegro expressed an interest in pursuing a common foreign policy. Former President of Serbia Boris Tadić referred to relations with the European Union (EU), Russia, United States and China as the four pillars of foreign policy.[1] Serbia joined the United Nations on 1 November 2000.
History
Medieval Serbia
In the centuries prior to Ottoman rule in the country, medieval Serbian states established diplomatic relations with a number of states in Europe and the Mediterranean, particularly under the Nemanjić dynasty, during which time the Serbian Empire reached its greatest extent. Serbian envoys regularly embarked on missions to states near and far, typically in large entourages bearing gifts for the foreign courts. One such embassy to the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt arrived in Cairo bearing gifts including five hawks, five falcons, four silver cups, and an extravagantly ornamental sword. Serbian diplomats of the time were mostly drawn from two groups; those sent to the Catholic West primarily hailed from noble families from the coastal cities of the Adriatic Sea, such as Kotor, Dubrovnik, and Bar, and those sent to the Orthodox East were frequently members of the clergy, like Saint Sava. Typically the rulers of these states would provide dwellings for the envoys and their entourages, as well as transportation.[2]
Serbian Revolution and Autonomous Principality (1804–1878)
Serbia gained its partial independence from the Ottoman Empire in two uprisings in 1804 (led by Đorđe Petrović – Karađorđe) and 1815 (led by Miloš Obrenović), although Turkish troops continued to garrison the capital, Belgrade, until 1867. In 1817 the Principality of Serbia was granted de facto independence from the Ottoman Empire.[3] High officials in the Austro-Hungarian Empire lobbied for Ottoman approval of the liberal 1869 constitution for Serbia, which depended on the Porte for final approval. Vienna's strategy was that a liberal political system in Serbia would divert its impulse to foment nationalist unrest within its neighbors, and also delay its efforts to gain territory at the expense of the Ottoman Empire.[4]
Principality/Kingdom of Serbia (1878–1918)
The Autonomous Principality became an internationally recognized independent country following the Russo-Turkish War in 1878. Serbia remained a principality or kneževina (knjaževina), until 1882 when it became a Kingdom, during which the internal politics revolved largely around dynastic rivalry between the Obrenović and Karađorđević families.
In 1885, Serbia protested against the unification of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia. The Serbian king, Milan Obrenovic´ (1854–1901), who needed to divert attention away from his domestic problems, demanded that Bulgaria cede some of its territory to Serbia. The Great Powers discouraged him, but he declared war on Bulgaria on November 13, 1885. The Serbo-Bulgarian War ended on March 3, 1886. The Serbian army crossed the lightly defended northwest border of Bulgaria aiming to seize Sofia, the Bulgarian capital. The Bulgarian defenders defeated the invaders and then invaded Serbia. Vienna brokered a peace that restored the old status quo. Serbian casualties totaled 6,800, about triple the 2,300 Bulgarian total. The defeat forced Obrenovic to abdicate in March 1889, and the Serbian crown passed to a regency in the name of his son Alexander (1876–1903).[5]
Serbian strategic goals
Serbia had multiple national goals.[6][7][8] Serbian intellectuals dreamed of a South Slavic state—which in the 1920s became Yugoslavia. The large number of Serbs living in Bosnia looked to Serbia as the focus of their nationalism, but they were ruled by the Germans of the Austrian Empire. Austria's annexation of Bosnia in 1908 deeply alienated the Serbian peoples. Plotters swore revenge, which they achieved in 1914 by assassination of the Austrian heir.[9] Serbia was landlocked, and strongly felt the need for access to the Mediterranean, preferably through the Adriatic Sea. Austria worked hard to block Serbian access to the sea, for example by helping with the creation of Albania in 1912. Montenegro, Serbia's main ally, did have a small port, but Austrian territory intervened, blocking access until Serbia acquired Novi Pazar and part of Macedonia from the Ottoman Empire in 1913. To the south, Bulgaria blocked Serbian access to the Aegean Sea.[10] Serbia, Greece, Montenegro and Bulgaria formed the Balkan League and went to war with the Ottomans in 1912–1913. They won decisively and expelled that Empire from almost all of the Balkans.[11] The main remaining foe was Austria, which strongly rejected Pan-Slavism and Serbian nationalism and was ready to make war to end those threats.[12] Ethnic nationalism would doom the multicultural Austro-Hungarian Empire. Expansion of Serbia would block Austrian and German aspirations for direct rail connections to Constantinople and the Middle East. Serbia relied primarily on Russia for Great Power support but Russia was very hesitant at first to support Pan-Slavism, and counselled caution. However, in 1914 it reversed positions and promised military support to Serbia.[13]
World War I
The 28 June 1914 assassination of Austrian Crown Prince Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, by Gavrilo Princip, a pro-Serbian member of Young Bosnia served as the basis for the Austrian declaration of war on Serbia on 28 July 1914. Vienna acted despite Serbia's acceptance three days earlier of nearly all of Vienna's demands. Vienna was convinced that Serbia was behind the plot in an effort to destabilize the multi-nation empire.[14] The Austro-Hungarian army invaded Serbia capturing Belgrade on 2 December 1914, however the Serbian Army successfully defended the country, won several victories, and on 15 December 1914 recaptured Belgrade.[15]
On 28 July 1914, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Within days, long-standing mobilization plans went into effect to initiate invasions or guard against them and Russia, France and Britain stood arrayed against Austria and Germany in what at the time was called the "Great War", and was later named "World War I" or "First World War." Austria thought in terms of one small limited war involving just the two countries. It did not plan a wider war such as exploded in a matter of days.
British historian John Zametica argued that Austria-Hungary was primarily responsible for starting the war, as its leaders believed that a successful war against Serbia was the only way it could remain a Great Power, solve deep internal disputes caused by Hungarian demands, and regain influence in the Balkan states.[16] Others, most notably Prof. Christopher Clark, have argued that Austria-Hungary, confronted with a Serbia that seemed determined to incite continual unrest and ultimately acquire all of the "Serb" inhabited lands of the Monarchy (which, according to the Pan-Serb point of view included all of Croatia, Dalmatia, Bosnia, Hercegovina and some of the southern counties of the Hungary(roughly corresponding to today's Vojvodina), and whose military and government was intertwined with the irredentist terrorist group known as "The Black Hand," saw no practical alternative to the use of force in ending what amounted to subversion from Serbia directed at a large chunk of its territories. In this perspective, Austria had little choice but to credibly threaten war and force Serbian submission if it wished to remain a Great Power.[17]
Diplomatic relations
List of countries which Serbia maintains diplomatic relations with:
# | Country | Date[18] |
---|---|---|
1 | United Kingdom | 30 January 1837[19] |
2 | Russia | 23 February 1838 |
3 | France | 18 January 1839[20] |
4 | Austria | 1874 |
5 | Bulgaria | 18 January 1879 |
6 | Greece | 18 January 1879 |
7 | Italy | 18 January 1879 |
8 | Romania | 26 April 1879[21] |
9 | Turkey | 1879 |
10 | United States | 14 October 1881 |
11 | Japan | 15 June 1882[22] |
12 | Portugal | 14 November 1882[23] |
13 | Paraguay | 17 February 1883 |
14 | Belgium | 15 March 1886[24] |
15 | Netherlands | 26 April 1899[25] |
16 | Cuba | 4 November 1902 |
17 | Uruguay | 19 February 1904 |
18 | Honduras | 20 February 1904 |
19 | Nicaragua | 23 February 1904 |
20 | Egypt | 1 February 1908[26] |
21 | Dominican Republic | 1 March 1912 |
22 | Albania | 25 April 1914 |
23 | Spain | 14 October 1916[27][28] |
24 | Switzerland | 1916 |
25 | Norway | 9 March 1917[29] |
26 | Denmark | 19 October 1917[30] |
27 | Sweden | 1 November 1917[31] |
28 | Czech Republic | 9 January 1919[32] |
29 | Poland | 19 September 1919[33] |
– | Holy See | 13 March 1920 |
30 | Hungary | June 1921 |
31 | Argentina | 29 February 1928 |
32 | Finland | 7 August 1929[34] |
33 | Iran | 30 April 1937 |
34 | Brazil | 15 June 1938 |
35 | Canada | 30 May 1941 |
36 | Lebanon | 18 May 1946[35] |
37 | Mexico | 28 May 1946 |
38 | Syria | 1946 |
39 | Pakistan | 15 May 1948 |
40 | Israel | 25 November 1948[36] |
41 | India | 5 December 1948 |
42 | North Korea | 30 October 1950 |
43 | Chile | 2 November 1950 |
44 | Myanmar | 29 December 1950 |
45 | Germany | 8 December 1951[37] |
46 | Jordan | 1951 |
47 | New Zealand | 1951 |
48 | Venezuela | 1 June 1951[38] |
49 | Ethiopia | 4 March 1952[39] |
50 | Bolivia | 1952 |
51 | Costa Rica | 1952[40] |
52 | Iceland | 27 February 1953[41] |
53 | Panama | 26 March 1953[42] |
54 | Indonesia | 4 November 1954 |
55 | Thailand | 12 November 1954[43] |
56 | Afghanistan | 30 December 1954 |
57 | China | 2 January 1955 |
58 | Libya | 2 October 1955[44] |
59 | Ecuador | 10 January 1956[45] |
60 | Cambodia | 15 July 1956 |
61 | Sudan | 13 September 1956[46] |
62 | Mongolia | 20 November 1956 |
63 | Luxembourg | 1956 |
64 | Vietnam | 10 March 1957 |
65 | Morocco | 1 May 1957 |
66 | Sri Lanka | 14 October 1957 |
67 | Yemen | 28 December 1957[47] |
68 | Tunisia | December 1957[48] |
69 | Iraq | 23 July 1958[49] |
70 | Ghana | 10 January 1959[50] |
71 | Liberia | 15 September 1959[51] |
72 | Nepal | 7 October 1959 |
73 | Guinea | 10 November 1959[52] |
74 | Central African Republic | 1960[53] |
75 | Cyprus | 7 October 1960 |
76 | Somalia | 8 September 1960[54] |
77 | Mali | 4 November 1960[55] |
78 | Togo | 7 November 1960[56] |
79 | Nigeria | March 1961[57] |
80 | Senegal | 31 May 1961[58] |
81 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1961 |
82 | Tanzania | 9 December 1961[59] |
83 | Algeria | 2 July 1962[26] |
84 | Benin | 3 July 1962[60] |
85 | Laos | 25 November 1962 |
86 | Burundi | 1962 |
87 | Kuwait | 7 May 1963 |
88 | Uganda | 31 July 1963[61] |
89 | Sierra Leone | 25 September 1963[62] |
90 | Kenya | 12 December 1963[63] |
91 | Republic of the Congo | 28 March 1964 |
92 | Mauritania | 12 June 1964[64] |
93 | Zambia | 23 October 1964[65] |
94 | Cameroon | 1965 |
95 | Gambia | 1965 |
96 | Chad | 1966[66] |
97 | Australia | 25 April 1966 |
98 | Colombia | 20 December 1966 |
99 | Malaysia | 4 May 1967[67] |
100 | Singapore | 22 August 1967 |
101 | Jamaica | 13 October 1968[68] |
102 | Ivory Coast | 15 June 1968[69] |
103 | Burkina Faso | 8 July 1968[70] |
104 | Guyana | 5 November 1968 |
105 | Malta | 6 January 1969 |
106 | Peru | 12 December 1969[71] |
107 | Equatorial Guinea | 18 May 1970 |
108 | Botswana | 5 September 1970[72] |
109 | Mauritius | 6 October 1970[73] |
110 | Madagascar | 4 June 1971[74] |
111 | Rwanda | 15 June 1971[75] |
112 | Bangladesh | 22 January 1972[76] |
113 | Philippines | 10 March 1972[77] |
114 | Niger | 17 March 1972[78] |
115 | Lesotho | 1972 |
116 | Gabon | 4 October 1973 |
117 | Trinidad and Tobago | 25 March 1974[79] |
118 | Oman | 4 May 1974[80] |
119 | Guinea-Bissau | 10 May 1974[81] |
120 | Maldives | 1 March 1975 |
121 | Mozambique | 10 June 1975[82] |
122 | Angola | 12 November 1975 |
123 | Fiji | 1976[83] |
124 | Papua New Guinea | 21 May 1976 |
125 | Suriname | 9 July 1976 |
126 | Seychelles | 1 August 1976[84] |
127 | Comoros | 24 November 1976 |
128 | Cape Verde | 1976 |
129 | Barbados | 15 November 1977[85] |
130 | Ireland | 1977 |
131 | Grenada | 29 June 1978 |
132 | Djibouti | 11 July 1978 |
133 | São Tomé and Príncipe | 4 February 1979[86] |
134 | El Salvador | 16 December 1979 |
135 | Zimbabwe | 1980 |
136 | Haiti | 20 January 1984[68] |
137 | Guatemala | 4 February 1987[87] |
138 | Bahamas | July 1988[88] |
– | State of Palestine | 5 April 1989[89] |
139 | Bahrain | 18 August 1989[90] |
140 | Qatar | 25 August 1989[91] |
141 | South Korea | 27 December 1989 |
142 | Namibia | 21 March 1990[92] |
143 | Eswatini | 1 June 1990 |
144 | South Africa | 2 April 1992[93] |
145 | Slovakia | 1 January 1993[94] |
146 | Ukraine | 15 April 1994 |
147 | Armenia | 8 July 1994 |
148 | Belarus | 15 November 1994 |
149 | Uzbekistan | 18 January 1995 |
150 | Moldova | 15 March 1995 |
151 | Georgia | 26 June 1995 |
152 | Tajikistan | 9 September 1995 |
153 | North Macedonia | 8 April 1996 |
154 | Turkmenistan | 26 August 1996 |
155 | Croatia | 9 September 1996 |
156 | Kazakhstan | 10 December 1996 |
157 | Azerbaijan | 21 August 1997 |
158 | Malawi | 13 February 1998 |
159 | Kyrgyzstan | 25 June 1998 |
160 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 15 December 2000 |
161 | Lithuania | 22 December 2000[95] |
162 | Latvia | 19 January 2001[40] |
163 | Estonia | 9 February 2001[96] |
— | Sovereign Military Order of Malta | 11 May 2001 |
164 | Slovenia | 9 December 2001[40] |
165 | San Marino | 14 February 2002 |
166 | Liechtenstein | 4 April 2003 |
167 | Montenegro | 22 June 2006 |
168 | United Arab Emirates | 21 March 2007[40] |
169 | Andorra | 1 June 2007 |
170 | Monaco | 12 June 2007[97] |
171 | Dominica | 22 April 2010[40] |
172 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 26 May 2011[40] |
173 | Brunei | 5 December 2011[40] |
174 | Bhutan | 9 December 2011[40] |
175 | South Sudan | 3 January 2012 |
176 | Eritrea | 19 October 2012 |
177 | Tonga | 22 February 2013[98] |
178 | Saudi Arabia | 17 April 2013[40] |
179 | Vanuatu | 27 August 2018 |
180 | Antigua and Barbuda | 28 September 2018[40] |
181 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 6 November 2018 |
182 | Palau | 7 December 2018 |
183 | Tuvalu | 4 April 2019[40] |
184 | Belize | 24 September 2019[40] |
185 | Nauru | 25 September 2019 |
186 | Saint Lucia | 13 November 2019 |
187 | Solomon Islands | 20 December 2021 |
188 | East Timor | 20 December 2021[40] |
Serbia has not established diplomatic relations with Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, and Samoa.
Multilateral
Organization | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
European Union | See Accession of Serbia to the European Union | |
NATO | See Serbia–NATO relations |
Africa
Ever since the times of Josip Broz Tito and the Non-Aligned Movement, Serbia has enjoyed excellent relations with African nations. Angola, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Zimbabwe and South Africa are Serbia's closest allies in Sub-Saharan Africa. South Africa and Serbia have had excellent relations since the signing of diplomatic relations in 1992 following the end of the Apartheid system. Many ANC and Umkhonto we Sizwe resistance fighters received training in Serbia during Apartheid. South Africa is also home to around 20,000 Serbs, mainly living in the Johannesburg area.[99] South Africa is also voicing support for Serbia over the Kosovo issue.[100] Nelson Mandela was also made an honorary citizen of Belgrade.[101] Serbia is also actively involved in many investments in Angola with whom it has excellent political and economic relations.
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Algeria | 1962[102] | See Algeria-Serbia relations |
Angola | 1975[105] |
|
Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1961[106] |
|
Republic of the Congo | 1964[107] |
Diplomatic relations between Republic of the Congo and Serbia were established in 1964. Diplomatic relations between Côte d'Ivoire and Serbia were established in 1968. |
Egypt | 1908[108] | See Egypt-Serbia relations
|
Eswatini | 1990[110] |
|
Guinea | 1958[112] |
|
Guinea-Bissau | 1975[113] |
Diplomatic relations between Guinea-Bissau and Serbia were established in 1975. Guinea-Bissau supports Serbia's position regarding Kosovo, and prime minister Umaro Sissoco Embaló visited Belgrade in November 2017 to expand trade relations.[114] |
Kenya | 1963[115] |
|
Libya | 1955[116] | See Libya–Serbia relations
|
Madagascar | 1960[119] |
|
Mauritania | 1966[120] |
Serbia is represented in Mauritania by its embassy in Rabat.[121] |
Morocco |
| |
Nigeria | 1960[122] | |
Seychelles | 1977[123] |
|
Somalia | 1960[125] | |
South Africa | 1992[126] |
See South Africa–Serbia relations
|
Zambia | 1964[128] |
|
Zimbabwe | 1980[129] |
|
Relations frozen
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic | 1984 |
Yugoslavia recognized the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic on 28 November 1984.[132] Yugoslavia was the first country in Europe which formally recognized the independence of Sahrawi Republic after some of its allies from the Non-Aligned Movement pressured Belgrade to follow on its earlier policy when Yugoslavia was the first European country to recognize neighboring Algeria as well.[133] While formal relations were limited Yugoslavia extended certain development aid by providing education both for civilians and Polisario members.[134] Recognition was withdrawn on 26 October 2004. |
Americas
Serbia has strong but strained relations with the United States and a bit more relaxed relations with Canada, because of their hostile recognition of Kosovo's independence and NATO bombing from 1999, which aimed to help this secession. On 25 February 2008, Serbian Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica demanded that the United States rescind its recognition of Kosovo, warning that "there will be no stability until the fake state" is annulled.[135]
Serbia has very good relations with Latin America, except Colombia and Panama[citation needed], which recognized Kosovo's independence.
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Argentina | 1928[136] | See Argentina–Serbia relations
|
Bahamas | 1988[138] |
|
Brazil | 1938[140] | See Brazil–Serbia relations |
Canada | 1941[141] | See Canada–Serbia relations
|
Chile | 1935[145] |
|
Colombia | 1966[147] |
|
Costa Rica | 1952[149] |
|
Cuba | 1943 | See Cuba–Serbia relations
Cuba and Serbia have a long history of diplomatic relations from the period of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia when both countries were members of Non-Aligned Movement. Cuba supports Serbia in its stance towards Kosovo considering Kosovo's independence an illegitimate act and a violation of international law and principles of the United Nations Charter.[151] Serbia supports Cuba at the United Nations in condemning the United States embargo.[152] |
Guyana | 1968[153] |
|
Mexico | 1946[155] | See Mexico–Serbia relations
|
Panama | 1953[156] |
|
Peru | 1967[158] |
|
Trinidad and Tobago | 1974[159] |
|
United States | 1881[161] | See Serbia–United States relations
Prior to World War I and creation of Yugoslavia, Serbia and the US enjoyed excellent relations. Bilateral relations between Serbia and the United States were established in 1881. At the outset of hostilities between NATO and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the spring of 1999, the United States and Yugoslavia severed diplomatic relations. After the overthrow of the Milosevic government in October 2000, the following month the United States reestablished a diplomatic presence. The U.S. Embassy formally reopened in May 2001. The Serbian Embassy in Washington and the U.S. Embassy in Belgrade have reestablished bilateral relations and provide a full range of consular services. In February 2008 Serbia recalled its ambassador from the United States, following the U.S. recognition of the unilaterally declared independence of Kosovo.[162] |
Uruguay | 1950[163] |
|
Venezuela | 1951[165] | See Serbia–Venezuela relations
|
Asia
Serbia has excellent relations with countries such as China, Indonesia, India, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, South Korea, Vietnam, and the United Arab Emirates. These countries are important economic partners for Serbia in Asia.
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Afghanistan | 1954[167] |
|
Armenia | 1994[168] | See Armenia–Serbia relations
|
Azerbaijan | 1997[169] | See Azerbaijan–Serbia relations
|
Brunei | 2011[170] |
|
Cambodia | 1956[171] | |
China | 1955[172] | See China–Serbia relations
China has always traditionally had very warm and close relations with Belgrade since the establishing of diplomatic relations in 1955.[173] |
East Timor | 2012[174] |
Serbia is represented in Timor by its embassy in Jakarta.[175] |
Georgia | 1995[176] | [177] |
India | 1948[180] | See India–Serbia relations
|
Indonesia | 1954[183] | See Indonesia–Serbia relations
Indonesia has very close relations with Serbia, especially within the fields of trade, culture and tourism. Indonesia has also voiced support for Serbia's territorial integrity over the Kosovo issue.[184] |
Iran | 1937[185] |
|
Iraq | 1958[186] | |
Israel | 1948[189] |
|
Japan | 1882[192] | See Japan–Serbia relations |
Kazakhstan | 1996[198] | |
Kuwait | 1963[200] |
|
Kyrgyzstan | 1998[202] |
|
Malaysia | 1967[204] |
|
Myanmar | 1950[206] | See Myanmar-Serbia relations
|
Nepal | 1959[208] |
|
North Korea | 1948[210] | See North Korea–Serbia relations
Serbia maintains friendly relations with North Korea. Relations between the two countries started in 1948 under the Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito. Relations between the two countries are still strong in both political and military terms. The North Korean embassy to Serbia is accredited to Sofia, Bulgaria. |
Oman | 1974[211] |
|
Pakistan | 1948[212] | See Pakistan–Serbia relations
Pakistan considers Serbia to be a very important country and that the relations between the two states are warm and friendly.[213] |
Palestine | 1989[214] | See Palestine–Serbia relations
Relations between Serbia and the State of Palestine have been very close and friendly. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was one of the first countries to recognize the State of Palestine on November 16, 1988, and its successor Serbia maintained close relations, favoring a Two-State solution. The Palestinian Authority for its part, has refused to recognize the independence of Kosovo.[215][216] |
Philippines | 1972[217] | |
Qatar | 1989[220] |
|
Saudi Arabia | 2013[221] |
|
Singapore | 1967[222] |
Both countries have established diplomatic relations in 1967. |
South Korea | 1989[223] | See Serbia–South Korea relations
The establishment of diplomatic relations between Република Србија Serbia and the Republic of Korea began on 27 December 1989. |
Sri Lanka | 1957[226] |
|
Syria | 1946[228] |
|
Tajikistan | 1995[230] |
|
Thailand | 1954[232] |
|
Turkey | 1879[234] | See Serbia–Turkey relations
|
United Arab Emirates | 2007[235] |
See Serbia–United Arab Emirates relations
|
Vietnam | 1957[237] |
|
Europe
Serbia has signed the Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA) with the European Union on 29 April 2008 and is in the process of the Republic of being admitted into the framework of the European Union as a full-fledged member state. Serbia officially applied for European Union membership on 22 December 2009,[238] and the European Commission recommended making it an official candidate on 12 October 2011. After the vote of the 27 EU foreign ministers on 28 February 2012, where with 26 votes for and 1 vote against, a candidate status recommendation was issued, and Serbia received full candidate status on 1 March. On 28 June 2013 the European Council endorsed the Council of Ministers conclusions and recommendations to open accession negotiations with Serbia.[239][240] In December 2013 the Council of the European Union approved opening negotiations on Serbia's accession in January 2014,[241] and the first Intergovernmental Conference was held on 21 January at the European Council in Brussels.[242]
Former Yugoslavia
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2000[243] | See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Serbia relations
Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Belgrade. Serbia has an embassy in Sarajevo and a consulate-general in Banja Luka. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA). Serbia is an official candidate and Bosnia-Herzegovina is recognized as potential candidate country by the European Union. |
Croatia | 1996[244] | See Croatia–Serbia relations
The two countries established diplomatic relations on 9 September 1996. Croatia has an embassy in Belgrade and a general consulate in Subotica. Serbia has an embassy in Zagreb and two general consulates (in Rijeka and Vukovar). There are around 200,000 people of Serbian descent living in Croatia and around 70,000 people of Croatian descent living in Serbia. |
Kosovo | No diplomatic relations or recognition. | See Kosovo–Serbia relations and International recognition of Kosovo
On 17 February 2008, representatives of the Assembly of Kosovo unilaterally declared Kosovo independence. Serbia, Russia, China, India, Greece, Mexico, Romania, Spain, Brazil, South Africa, and many others do not recognize Kosovo as an independent state. Serbia considers the declaration of Kosovo's independence illegal and has vowed to fight Kosovo's admission to international organizations. The Republic of Kosovo does not have membership status in the United Nations. As of 4 September 2020, 114 United Nations member states and some non UN members like the Republic of China, Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Niue and the Cook Islands recognize Kosovo as an independent state, while the rest do not. Serbia, in response to nations which have recognized Kosovo as an independent nation, has consistently recalled its ambassadors to these nations.[245] |
North Macedonia | 1996[246] | See North Macedonia–Serbia relations
The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia that was formed in 1992 by the remaining Yugoslav republics Montenegro and Serbia established diplomatic relations with the Republic of North Macedonia on 8 April 1996.[247] The establishment of bilateral relations has been done under North Macedonia's former constitutional name – Republic of Macedonia.[248] Serbia therefore was one of 125 countries in the world recognizing Macedonia under the former constitutional name.[249] North Macedonia has an embassy in Belgrade, while Serbia's embassy is located in Skopje. |
Montenegro | 2006[250] | See Montenegro–Serbia relations
Montenegro has an embassy in Belgrade. Serbia has an embassy in Podgorica and a Consulate-General in Herceg Novi. |
Slovenia | 2000[251] | See Serbia–Slovenia relations
|
Other European countries
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Albania | 1914[254] | See Albania–Serbia relations |
Austria | 1874[257] | See Austria–Serbia relations
|
Belarus | 1994[262] | See Belarus–Serbia relations
|
Belgium | 1886[263] |
|
Bulgaria | 1879[265] | See Bulgaria–Serbia relations |
Cyprus | 1960[266] | See Cyprus–Serbia relations
|
Czech Republic | 1918[268] | See Czech Republic – Serbia relations
|
Denmark | 1917[270] | See Denmark–Serbia relations
|
Estonia | 2001[271] |
|
Finland | 1929[272] | See Finland–Serbia relations
|
France | 1839[275] | See France–Serbia relations
|
Germany | 1951[278] | See Germany–Serbia relations
|
Greece | 1879[281] | See Greece–Serbia relations
Friendly relations have played an important role in bilateral relations between the two nations, especially during the wars of the 1990s and the Balkans Campaign[282] in World War I. Due to the strong historical friendship and the deep cultural and religious ties between the two nations, Greece and Serbia enjoy historically, religiously and culturally close ties which are confirmed by a regular political dialogue. Greece is the top investor in Serbian economy[283] and during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, Greece openly expressed its disapproval and polls revealed that 94% of the Greek population were completely opposed to the bombing.[284] The more dramatic event was a People's Tribunal of over a 10.000 people in Athens, Greece, where the Greek Supreme Court declared president Clinton and NATO leaders guilty of war crimes.[285] |
Holy See | 1920[286] | See Holy See–Serbia relations |
Hungary | 1921[287] | See Hungary–Serbia relations
|
Iceland | 2000[291] |
|
Ireland | 1977[293] |
|
Italy | 1879[294] | See Italy–Serbia relations and Italy-Yugoslavia relations
|
Latvia | 1917[296] |
|
Lithuania | 2000[298] |
|
Malta | 1969[300] | See Malta–Serbia relations
|
Moldova | 1995[302] |
|
Netherlands | 1891[303] | See Netherlands–Serbia relations
|
Norway | 1917[306] | See Norway–Serbia relations
|
Poland | 1919[310] | See Poland–Serbia relations
|
Portugal | 1882[311] | See Portugal–Serbia relations
|
Romania | 1879[312] | See Romania–Serbia relations |
Russia | 1838[313] | See Russia–Serbia relations
Diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union were established on 24 June 1940, and Serbia and the Russian Federation recognize the continuity of all inter-State documents signed between the two countries. There are about 70 bilateral treaties, agreements and protocols signed in the past. Serbia and the Russian Federation have signed and ratified 43 bilateral agreements and treaties in diverse areas of mutual cooperation so far.[314] |
San Marino | 2002[315] | See San Marino–Serbia relations
|
Slovakia | 1918[316] | See Serbia–Slovakia relations
|
Spain | 1916[319] | See Serbia–Spain relations
|
Sweden | 1917[322] | See Serbia–Sweden relations
|
Switzerland | 1916[324] | See Serbia–Switzerland relations
|
Ukraine | 1994[329] | See Serbia–Ukraine relations
|
United Kingdom | 1837[330] | See Serbia–United Kingdom relations
|
Oceania
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Australia | 1966[333] | See Australia–Serbia relations
|
New Zealand | 1951[335] |
|
Palau | 2018[338] |
Formal bilateral relations between the two states were established in 2018. January 2019 marked the first visit of President of Palau Thomas Remengesau Jr. to Belgrade.[339][340][341] |
See also
References
- ^ "B92 – Info – Tadi on Serbia's "four pillars of diplomacy"". B92. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ Porcic, Nebojsa. (2016). Information on travel of Nemanjic embassies: Content and context. Balcanica. 97-118. 10.2298/BALC1647097P.
- ^ Lawrence P. Meriage, "The First Serbian Uprising (1804-13) and the Nineteenth-Century Origins of the Eastern Question." Slavic Review (1978) 37#3 pp 421-439.
- ^ Ian D. Armour, "Killing Nationalism with Liberalism? Austria–Hungary and the Serbian Constitution of 1869." Diplomacy & Statecraft 21.3 (2010): 343-367.
- ^ Ferdinand Schevill, History of the Balkans (1922) pp. 411–413.
- ^ Martin Gilbert, First World War Atlas (1970) p 8.
- ^ Richard C. Hall, "Serbia," in Richard F. Hamilton, and Holger H. Herwig, eds. The Origins of World War I (Cambridge UP, 2003) pp 92–111.
- ^ Christopher Clark, The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914 (2012) pp 3–64 online.
- ^ Bernadotte E. Schmitt (1937). The Annexation of Bosnia, 1908–1909. Cambridge UP. p. vii.
- ^ Gunnar Hering, "Serbian-Bulgarian relations on the eve of and during the Balkan Wars." Balkan Studies (1962) 4#2 pp 297-326.
- ^ Richard C. Hall, "Balkan Wars," History Today (2012) 62#11 pp 36-42,
- ^ Béla K. Király, and Gunther Erich Rothenberg, War and Society in East Central Europe: Planning for war against Russia and Serbia: Austro-Hungarian and German military strategies, 1871–1914 (1993).
- ^ Gale Stokes, "The Serbian Documents from 1914: A Preview" Journal of Modern History 48#3 (1976), pp. 69-84 online
- ^ Richard C. Hall, "Serbia," in Richard F. Hamilton, and Holger H. Herwig, eds. The Origins of World War I (Cambridge UP, 2003) pp 92–111.
- ^ James B. Lyon, Serbia and the Balkan Front, 1914: The Outbreak of the Great War (2015).
- ^ John Zametica, In Folly and Malice (2017)
- ^ Christopher Clark, "The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914" 2012: Allen Lane, U.S. ed. 2013
- ^ "Bilateral cooperation". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
- ^ Karlicic, Miljkan (2021). "An Overview of The History of Serbian-British Relations" (PDF). p. 4. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
- ^ "Bilateral political relations". Archived from the original on 30 June 2011. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
- ^ "Diplomatic Relations of Romania". Retrieved 24 December 2021.
- ^ "140 years of friendship between Serbia and Japan was marked". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia. 15 June 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
- ^ "Países" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2 July 2022.
- ^ "Bilateral political relations". Archived from the original on 26 June 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
- ^ "Serbia-Netherlands Bilateral Political Relations". mfa.gov.yu. Government of Yugoslavia/Serbia. Archived from the original on 9 October 2007.
- ^ a b Radina Vučetić; Pol Bets; Radovan Cukić; Ana Sladojević (2017). Tito u Africi: slike solidarnosti (PDF). Museum of Yugoslavia. pp. 140–142. ISBN 978-86-84811-45-7.
- ^ "Španija". Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
- ^ "Hundredth anniversary of diplomatic relations between Serbia and Spain marked at the Archive of Serbia". Diplomatic Portal. 6 April 2017. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
- ^ "Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater" (PDF). regjeringen.no (in Norwegian). 27 April 1999. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
- ^ "Belgrade – Copenhagen:A hundred years of diplomatic relations 1917–2017". Arhivyu.gov.rs/ (in Serbian, Danish, and English). p. 19. Retrieved 2 September 2019.
- ^ "The Exhibition on the occasion of the Centennial Anniversary of the establishment of Serbian-Swedish diplomatic relations on the 1st of November 2017". Retrieved 25 December 2021.
- ^ Balaban, Milan (2016). "Yugoslav-Czechoslovak Economic Relations between 1918 and 1938 year" (PDF). p. 18. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
- ^ "Polska w Serbii" (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ "Exhibition "BELGRADE – HELSINKI, 90 Years of Diplomatic Relations"". Cord Magazine. 1 October 2019. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
- ^ Cahiers de l'Orient contemporain, Volumes 5-12. G. P. Maisonneuve., 1946. p. 227.
- ^ Kardelj, Edvard (1949). Yugoslavia's Foreign Policy: Address Delivered During the Debate on the Budget in the Federal Assembly on December 29th, 1948. p. 35.
- ^ "Serbien: Steckbrief" (in German). 6 December 2021. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
- ^ Libro amarillo correspondiente al año ...: presentado al Congreso Nacional en sus sesiones ordinarias de ... por el titular despacho (in Spanish). Venezuela. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. 2003. pp. 528–529.
- ^ Keesing's Contemporary Archives - Volume 8. Keesing's Limited. 1950. p. 12093.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Diplomatic relations between Serbia and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
- ^ "Iceland - Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Government of Iceland. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
- ^ "RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS DE LA REPÚBLICA DE PANAMÁ" (PDF). p. 195. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
- ^ "ประกาศสำนักคณะรัฐมนตรี เรื่อง สถาปนาความสัมพันธ์ ทางการทูตระหว่างประเทศไทยกับประเทศยูโกสลาเวีย (in Thai)".
- ^ Yugoslav Survey 7, issue 24–27. Jugoslavija Publishing House. 1966. p. 3539.
- ^ Medunarodna politika, Volume 40. Federation of Yugoslav Journalists, 1989. p. 7.
- ^ Sudan Almanac. Republic of the Sudan. 1957. p. 27.
- ^ Middle East Forum, 45–46. Alumni Association of the American University of Beirut. 1969. p. 46.
- ^ Summary of the Yugoslav Press. Joint Translation Service. 1957. p. 31.
- ^ Khalil (1962). The Arab States and the Arab League: A Documentary Record, 2. Khayats. p. 377.
- ^ Daily Report: Foreign Radio Broadcasts, 6–10. United States Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1959. p. 41.
- ^ Summary of the Yugoslav Press. Joint Translation Service. 1961. p. 24.
- ^ Summary of the Yugoslav Press. Joint Translation Service. 1959. p. 18.
- ^ Summary of the Yugoslav Press. Joint Translation Service. 1964. p. 19.
- ^ Report. Secretariat for Information of the Federal Executive Council, 1961. p. 275.
- ^ Summary of the Yugoslav Press. 1960. p. 34.
- ^ Summary of the Yugoslav Press. Joint Translation Service. 1960. p. 45.
- ^ Naše teme 5 (5-9) (in Croatian). Centar CK SKH za idejno-teorijski rad "Vladimir Bakarić.", Narodna omladina Hrvatske. Centralni komitet, Savez omladine Hrvatske. Centralni komitet, Socijalistički savez radnog naroda Hrvatske. Republička konferencija. 1961. p. 1110.
- ^ Summary of the Yugoslav Press. Joint Translation Service. 1961. p. 19.
- ^ Summary of the Yugoslav Press. Joint Translation Service. 1961. p. 14.
- ^ Pregled razvoja medjunarodno-pravnih odnosa jugoslovenskih zemalja od 1800 do danas (3). 1968. p. 699.
- ^ Yugoslav Survey 14. Jugoslavija Publishing House. 1973. p. 137.
- ^ Summary of the Yugoslav Press. The Service. 1963. p. 17.
- ^ Yugoslav Survey 13. Jugoslavija Publishing House. 1972. p. 127.
- ^ Summary of the Yugoslav Press. Joint Translation Service. 1964. p. 7.
- ^ Summary of the Yugoslav Press. 1964. p. 22.
- ^ Pregled razvoja medjunarodno-pravnih odnosa jugoslovenskih zemalja od 1800 do danas (3). 1968. p. 831.
- ^ Foreign Affairs Malaysia 1. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Information Division. 1968. p. 54.
- ^ a b Yugoslav Survey 28. Jugoslavija Publishing House. 1987. p. 149.
- ^ Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa, 2757–2809. British Broadcasting Corporation Monitoring Service. 1968. p. 4.
- ^ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts, 131–135. CIA. 1968.
- ^ Report on World Affairs. Vol. 34. 1983. p. 13.
- ^ Africa. AFP. 1970. p. 32.
- ^ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell, 1970. p. 1912.
- ^ Bulletin de Madagascar 21 (in French). Service général de l'information, Présidence du gouvernement. 1971. p. 579.
- ^ Africa. AFP. 1972. p. 30.
- ^ Asian Recorder. K.K. Thomas at Recorder Press, 1972. p. 10614.
- ^ Ingles, Jose D. (1982). Philippine Foreign Policy. Lyceum of the Philippines. p. 72.
- ^ Africa. Agence France Presse. 1972. p. 20.
- ^ Yugoslav Survey 28. Jugoslavija Publishing House. 1987. p. 152.
- ^ ARR: Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited, 1974. p. 8.
- ^ Summary of World Broadcasts Non-Arab Africa · Issues 4565-4638. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1974. p. 9.
- ^ Africa Year Book and Who's who. Africa Journal Limited. 1977. pp. xvi.
- ^ "Formal diplomatic relations list" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
- ^ "Secretary Confait receives newly accredited Serbian ambassador". 15 October 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
- ^ Yugoslav Survey. Jugoslavija Publishing House. 1987. p. 147.
- ^ Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa, 2074–2082. United Nations. 1979. p. 179.
- ^ "Visita Oficial a Guatemala del Viceprimer Ministro y Ministro de Asuntos Exteriores de la República de Serbia señor Ivica Dacic". minex.gob.gt (in Spanish). 26 March 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
- ^ "Bahamas". Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
- ^ Daily Report: East Europe, 65. The Service. 1989. p. 39.
- ^ "Bilateral relations". Retrieved 25 December 2021.
- ^ Daily Report: East Europe. Index, 11. United States Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1989. p. 605.
- ^ "14. Agreement on the establishment of Diplomatic Relations between Namibia and Yugoslavia (Serbia and Monte Negro), signed on 21 March 1990". Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ "Serbia". Retrieved 25 December 2021.
- ^ "Srbsko" (in Slovak). Retrieved 25 December 2021.
- ^ "Serbia". Retrieved 25 December 2021.
- ^ "Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia". 30 January 2018. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
- ^ "Rapport de Politique Extérieure 2007" (in French). p. 44. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ "Tonga". Archived from the original on 7 May 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
- ^ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Serbia". Archived from the original on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2009.
- ^ Thomson Reuters Foundation. "Thomson Reuters Foundation". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
{{cite web}}
:|author=
has generic name (help) - ^ "Nelson Mandela named Belgrade's honorary citizen". Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 16 May 2007.
- ^ "Algeria". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Algerian embassy in Belgrade". Archived from the original on 3 May 2009. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
- ^ "Ambasada Republike Srbije - Alžir". www.ambserbie-alger.com. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
- ^ "Angola". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Congo DR". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Congo R". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Egypt". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ Serbian embassy in Cairo Archived 1 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Eswatini". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 15 February 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Guinea". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Guinea-Bissau". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ Guinea-Bissau Officially Revokes Recognition of Kosovo[permanent dead link], InSerbia, 2017-11-22
- ^ "Kenya". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Libya". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Libya embassy in Belgrade".
- ^ "Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Serbian embassy in Tripoli". Archived from the original on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2009.
- ^ "Madagascar". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Mauritania". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Other Countries RS- Mauritania". www.mfa.gov.rs. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
- ^ "Nigeria". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Seychelles". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Somalia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "South Africa". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Serbian embassy in Pretoria". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Zambia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Zimbabwe". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ Editorial Staff. "Interview With President Mugabe by Serbian Broadcasting." African Globe Net. African Globe, 4 February 2014. Web. 12 May 2016.
- ^ "Zimbabwe". www.upi.com.
- ^ "RECONOCIMIENTOS DE LA RASD - Reconnaissances de la RASD - Recognitions of the SADR". Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
- ^ Tvrtko Jakovina (2011). Treća strana Hladnog rata. Fraktura. ISBN 978-953-266-203-0.
- ^ "U Zapadnoj Sahari otkrili smo gdje je Antoine de Saint-Exupéry dobio nadahnuće za Malog princa i našli ljude koji vole hrvatske knjige". Tportal. 29 February 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
- ^ Kirka, Danica (26 February 2008). "Putin's Likely Successor, Pledging Support for Serbia, Signs Pipeline Deal". The Washington Post. Associated Press. p. A11.
- ^ "Argentina". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ Political relations with Argentina Archived 14 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia
- ^ "Bahamas". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Brazil". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Canada". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Canadian embassy in Belgrade". International.gc.ca. Retrieved 3 June 2011.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Serbian embassy in Ottawa". Serbianembassy.ca. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ "Serbian general consulate in Toronto". Gktoronto.com. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ "Chile". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Colombia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 1 April 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Costa Rica". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Spoljna politika". Mfa.gov.rs. Archived from the original on 17 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-07-26.
- ^ Beta (20 March 2012). "Dobri odnosi Kube i Srbije | Aktuelno". Novosti.rs. Retrieved 26 July 2012.
- ^ "Guyana". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Other Countries RS- Guyana". www.mfa.gov.rs. Archived from the original on 19 November 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
- ^ "Mexico". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Panama". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Peru". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Trinidad and Tobago". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "United States". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "US Embassy Pristina". Retrieved 17 April 2008.
- ^ "Uruguay". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Venezuela". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Venezuela's Chavez won't recognize independent Kosovo". International Herald Tribune. 21 February 2008. Archived from the original on 20 February 2009.
- ^ "Afghanistan". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Armenia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Azerbaijan". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Brunei". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Cambodia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "China". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ Foreign Relations of the People's Republic of China
- ^ "East Timor". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Other Countries RS- East Timor". www.mfa.gov.rs. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
- ^ "Georgia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Relations Between Georgia and the Republic of Serbia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia). Archived from the original on 16 November 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ^ "Georgia will not recognize Kosovo" Archived 16 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine, B92, 2008-05-09
- ^ Tanjug. “Serbia Supports Territorial Integrity of Georgia.” B92.Net, 3 June 2015
- ^ "India". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ Indian embassy in Belgrade Archived 10 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Updated 2021.
- ^ Serbian embassy in New Delhi. Embassyofserbiadelhi.net.in. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
- ^ "Indonesia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "People's Daily Online – Indonesia voices support for Serbia in Kosovo spat". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Iran". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Iraq". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Embassy of Iraq in Belgrade, Serbia". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Embassy of Serbia in Baghdad, Iraq". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Israel". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Error-2010-f3". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "embassyserbia.co.il". Archived from the original on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Japan". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "在セルビア日本国大使館". Archived from the original on 4 December 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Welcome to the home page of the Embassy of the Republic of Serbia in Japan". Archived from the original on 26 November 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Untitled Document". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "在セルビア日本国大使館". www.yu.emb-japan.go.jp (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 12 August 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
- ^ "Japan-Serbia Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Kazakhstan". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ Urazova, DinaraU. "Kazakh Embassy Opens in Belgrade." Tengri News. Tengri News, 6 June 2015. Web. 4 April 2016.
- ^ "Kuwait". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Kuwait willing to invest in Serbia". Archived from the original on 17 April 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
- ^ "Kyrgyzstan". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Kyrgyzstan". www.mfa.gov.rs. Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
- ^ "Malaysia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Myanmar". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Myanmar". Archived from the original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
- ^ "Nepal". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "North Korea". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Oman". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Pakistan". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Pakistan, Serbia to strengthen bilateral ties". Associated Press of Pakistan. 15 July 2009. Archived from the original on 9 August 2009.
- ^ "Palestine". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ Tadić, Abbas discuss Kosovo, Middle East Archived 9 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine, B92, 2009-07-07
- ^ PM meets with Palestinian leader Archived 8 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine, B92, 2009-08-07
- ^ "Philippines". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ GOVPH. "PH Consulate in Belgrade Opens For Filipinos in Serbia". Dfa.gov.ph. Archived from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
- ^ "Qatar". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Saudi Arabia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Singapore". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "South Korea". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Амбасада Републике Србије у Републици Кореји".
- ^ "주 세르비아 대한민국 대사관". Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
- ^ "Sri Lanka". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Syria". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Official presentation of the Republic of Serbia in Damascus – Syria". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Tajikistan". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Tajikistan". www.mfa.gov.rs. Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
- ^ "Thailand". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Thai Consulate – Počasni Konzulat Kraljevine Tajland u Republici Srbiji". www.thaiconsulate.rs.
- ^ "Turkey". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "United Arab Emirates". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ http://www.tanjug.rs/news/79194/uae-to-open-embassy-in-belgrade.htm [permanent dead link]
- ^ "Vietnam". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Serbia applies for EU membership". Swedish Presidency of the European Union. Archived from the original on 27 January 2010. Retrieved 25 December 2009.
- ^ "Conclusions of the European Council (27/28 June 2013)" (PDF). European Council. 28 June 2013.
- ^ "EU set for Serbia membership talks". BBC News. 28 June 2013. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ "Council conclusions on Enlargement and Stabilisation and Association Process" (PDF). Council of the European Union. 17 December 2013. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
- ^ "Serbia starts negotiations to join EU". B92. 21 January 2014. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
- ^ "Bosnia and Herzegovina". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Croatia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ PROTEST CONVEYED TO FRANCE, BRITAIN, COSTA RICA, AUSTRALIA, ALBANIA at the Wayback Machine (archive index)
- ^ "North Macedonia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Republic of Macedonia Archived 30 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Republic of Serbia – Ministry of Foreign Affairs". Archived from the original on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2009.
- ^ "FM Milososki: Name row a result of Greece's desire to protect its myth of pure nation". Archived from the original on 3 August 2009.
the fact that 125 countries in the world have recognised Macedonia's constitutional name is a clear signal that the country has international support
- ^ "Montenegro". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Slovenia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ Serbian embassy in Ljubljana (in Serbian and Slovenian only) Archived 8 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Embassy of the Republic of Slovenia Belgrade". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Albania". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Vandals damage Albanian embassy in Belgrade". BBC. 29 March 1999.
- ^ "Serbian charge d'affaires prepares to quit Albania". BBC. 20 February 2008.
- ^ "Austria". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ Austrian embassy in Belgrade (in German and Serbian only)
- ^ "Serbian embassy in Vienna (in German and Serbian only)".
- ^ "Consulate General of The Republic of Serbia in Salzburg". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ 20 Minuten Online: Serben-Demo eskaliert in Wien
- ^ "Belarus". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Belgium". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Belgian embassy in Belgrade". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Bulgaria". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Cyprus". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Cyprus
- The Cypriot Minister voiced his full support to Serbia's territorial integrity and EU integration, which should lead to full EU membership.
- Serbian embassy in Nicosia Archived 1 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Czech Republic". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Czech embassy in Belgrade (in Czech and Serbian only)". Mzv.cz. 30 April 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
- ^ "Denmark". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Estonia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Finland". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Suomen suurlähetystö, Belgrad". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Embassy of the Republic of Serbia in the Republic of Finland". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "France". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "French embassy in Belgrade (in French and Serbian only)". Ambafrance-srb.org. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
- ^ "Serbian embassy in Paris(in French and Serbian only)". Amb-serbie.fr. Archived from the original on 29 June 2007. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
- ^ "Germany". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Serbian embassy in Berlin (in German and Serbian only)". Embassy of Serbia, Berlin. Retrieved 31 December 2010.
- ^ "Serbian general consulates in Germany (in German and Serbian only)". Konzulati-rs.de. Retrieved 31 December 2010.
- ^ "Greece". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "World War I". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Grci spremni da ulože 3 mlrd. evra". B92. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "NATO and Greece, Clinton's visit". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ Phillips, Peter (2000). Censored 2000. Seven Stories Press. ISBN 9781583220238. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Holy See". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Hungary". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Hungarian embassy in Belgrade". Archived from the original on 20 May 2009. Retrieved 24 July 2009.
- ^ "Hungarian general consulate in Subotica(in Hungarian and Serbian only)". Archived from the original on 22 July 2009. Retrieved 24 July 2009.
- ^ "Embassy of the Republic of Serbia in Hungary". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Iceland". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Ireland". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Italy". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Ambasciata d'Italia – Belgrado". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ^ "Latvia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Bilateral Agreements - MFA of Latvia". www.mfa.gov.lv. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
- ^ "Lithuania". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ Dizaino Kryptis. "Lietuvos Respublikos užsienio reikalų ministerija – Lietuvos Respublikos užsienio reikalų ministerija". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Malta". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Sorry. The page you are looking for does not exist" (PDF). Retrieved 19 February 2015.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Moldova". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Netherlands". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Netherlands Embassy in Belgrade, Serbia". Archived from the original on 22 July 2010. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Index of /~yuambanl". Archived from the original on 12 May 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Norway". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Norway – The official site in Serbia". Retrieved 15 January 2016.
- ^ "Embassy of Serbia in Oslo". Archived from the original on 12 August 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2009.
- ^ "B92 – Info – Serbia, Norway boost military ties". B92. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Poland". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Portugal". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Romania". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Russia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ Bilateral Political Relations with Russia, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia
- ^ "San Marino". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Slovakia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Embassy of the Republic of Serbia in the Slovak Republic". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Veľvyslanectvo Slovenskej republiky v Belehrade". Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Spain". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Home". Archived from the original on 19 November 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ Spanish embassy in Belgrade (in Serbian and Spanish only) Archived 22 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Sweden". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Belgrade – SwedenAbroad". Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ^ "Switzerland". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Embassy of Switzerland in Serbia". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Serbian embassy in Bern". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Generalni konzulat Republike Srbije u Cirihu". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Erstmals über eine Million EU- und EFTA Angehörige in der Schweiz". Neue Zürcher Zeitung. 14 October 2008.
- ^ "Ukraine". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "United Kingdom". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "UK and Serbia". Archived from the original on 24 January 2009. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Embassy of the Republic of Serbia in Great Britain". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ^ "Australia". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Home". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ^ "New Zealand". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with New Zealand". Archived from the original on 23 June 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2009.
- ^ Ethnic group (total responses) for the census usually resident population count, 2006 Archived 27 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine (Excel 97 format), Classification counts, 2006 Census, Statistics New Zealand.
- ^ "Palau". www.mfa.gov.rs.
- ^ "Почиње сарадња Србије и Палауа, потписана три споразума". Radio Television of Serbia. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
- ^ "Palau povukao odluku o priznanju Kosova". Radio Television of Vojvodina. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ "Serbian president grateful for Palau's Kosovo decision". B92. Retrieved 10 May 2020.