Malaxis bayardii, or Bayard's adder's-mouth orchid,[3] is a species of orchid native to northeastern North America. It is found from Massachusetts to North Carolina, with isolated populations in Ohio and Nova Scotia.[4] There are historical reports of the plant formerly growing in Vermont and New Jersey, but it seems to have been extirpated in those two states[2] It grows in dry, open woods and pine barrens at elevations of less than 600 m (2000 feet).[5][6]
| Malaxis bayardii | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Genus: | Malaxis |
| Species: | M. bayardii
|
| Binomial name | |
| Malaxis bayardii | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
|
Malaxis bayardii fo. kelloggiae P.M. Br. | |
Malaxis bayardii is a terrestrial herb up to 26 cm (10.4 inches) tall. It produces a pseudobulb up to 20 mm in diameter. It generally has only one leaf, occasionally two, about halfway up the stem. Flowers are small and green, borne in a raceme of up to 70 flowers.[7][8][9][10]
Conservation status edit
It is listed as a special concern species and believed extirpated in Connecticut,[11] as rare Massachusetts, and as endangered in New Jersey and in New York (state).[12]
References edit
- ^ Goedeke, T.; Sharma, J.; Treher, A.; Frances, A.; Poff, K. (2015). "Malaxis bayardii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T64176353A64176361. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T64176353A64176361.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ^ a b "Malaxis bayardii". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Malaxis bayardii". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
- ^ "Malaxis bayardii". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
- ^ Catling, Paul M.; Magrath, Lawrence K. (2002). "Malaxis bayardii". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^ "Malaxis bayardii". North American Orchid Conservation Center (NAOOC), Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. 2018.
- ^ Fernald, Merritt Lyndon (1936). "Rhodora". 38 (455): 402–404.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) description in Latin, commentary in English; small line drawings showing flowers - ^ Fernald, Merritt Lyndon (1936). "Rhodora". 38 (455). plate 446, photos of herbarium specimens, figures 1 and 2 at left.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Fernald, Merritt Lyndon (1950). Gray's Manual of Botany (8th ed.). New York: American Book Company. pp. i–lxiv, 1–1632.
- ^ Catling, P. M. (1991). "Systematics of Malaxis bayardii and M. unifolia". Lindleyana. Vol. 6. pp. 3–23.
- ^ "Connecticut's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species 2015" (PDF). State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources. Retrieved 28 January 2018. (Note: This list is newer than the one used by plants.usda.gov and is more up-to-date.)
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Malaxis bayardii". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
External links edit
- Among Rhode Island Wildflowers, Malaxis bayardii
- Go Botany, New England Wildflower Society
- New York Natural Heritage Program
- Go Orchids, North American Orchid Conservation Center (NAOOC), Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
- Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora
- Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program, Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife