Maireana erioclada, commonly known as the rosy bluebush, is a common shrub endemic to Australia, belonging to the genus Maireana.
| Maireana erioclada | |
|---|---|
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| Stem and leaves of rosy bluebush at Roxby Downs Station, South Australia, taken in August 2022 | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Amaranthaceae |
| Genus: | Maireana |
| Species: | M. erioclada
|
| Binomial name | |
| Maireana erioclada (Benth.) Paul G.Wilson
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| Distribution map of M. erioclada, according to verified spatial information from the Living Atlas of Australia, October 2022 | |
Description edit
Maireana erioclada is a perennial, bushy glaucous shrub that can grow between 60 cm (24 in)[1] and 1 m (3 ft 3 in) tall. Its leaves are narrow-obovoid to clavate (club-shaped), to 10 mm (0.39 in) long, glabrous (hairless) and apex rounded[2] which can produce pink or reddish tips over time. Flowers are bisexual, solitary and grow in the angles between the stem and the leaves.[1] It fruits between August and November,[3] producing bright pink or red fruiting bodies that mature to a dull brown. The fruiting bodies are flower-like and consist of a flat, horizontal ‘wing’ approximately 12 mm (0.47 in) in diameter above a narrow funnel-shaped tube with five vertical semi-circular ‘wings’ joined to the horizontal wing.[1][4]
Taxonomy edit
Until 1840, species within the Maireana genus were classified with the genus Kochia. This included M. erioclada which was first formally recorded by English Botanist George Bentham in 1870 as Kochia triptera var. erioclada. This was based on two collections: one from Western Australia (which was chosen by Erwin Gauba in 1948 as the lectotype) and one in cited by Bentham as ‘Murray desert, Herb. F. Mueller’.[5] Following a taxonomic revision of the genus Maireana in 1975 botanist Peter G. Wilson re-classified the species to Marieana ercioclada (Benth.) P.G. Wilson, comb. nov.[5]
Wilson[5] suggested that M. pentatropis has been confused with M. erioclada; however, he has highlighted variations in their features that would allow the two species to be distinguished from each other. For example, the upper fruiting body of M. erioclada is slightly convex and only sparsely ciliate.[5] Wilson also suggests possibly hybridisation between the two.[5]
Distribution edit
Maireana erioclada is native to Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria, in the semi-arid interior of Australia. The grows in red-brown soils and on sandy loams on flat ground or in subsaline depressions.[3][6] In Victoria, the species can be found in the far north-west of the state in mallee communities and extends to the edges of salt pans.[4] The species is noted to invade disturbed areas along roadsides[7] and is salt tolerant, like other saltbush species.
Ecology edit
The genus Maireana are collectively known as bluebushes and form an important part many native plant communities in mainland Australia. Many bluebush species grow concurrently together as part of larger communities primarily in the drier, arid climates of Australia, including very low woodlands, open shrublands and open mallee/low woodland.[8] M. erioclada has also been observed to grow among sand dune units, sandy flats in dune swales and along the edges of saltpans.
Uses edit
Despite being well-distributed throughout the semi-arid environment, including in pastoral properties, little is known of the uses of M. erioclada. There are no known records of traditional uses of the species by Aboriginal people, and it is not known if the species if grazed by stock.[7] Research suggests that, given more investigation, there may be potential for Maireana species to be used for fodder in salt-affected areas in southern and eastern Australia[9]
Gallery edit
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Close up of fruiting bodies and leaves of the rosy bluebush
References edit
- ^ a b c Hewson, H.J.; Meikle, R.D.; Parr-Smith, G.A.; Prescott, A.; Telford, I.R.H.; Venning, J.; Wilson, P.G. (1984). Flora of Australia Volume 4 Phytolaccaceae to Chenopodiaceae. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. ISBN 978 0 644 03442 5.
- ^ "Fact sheet for Maireana erioclada". flora.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
- ^ a b "Flora of Victoria". vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
- ^ a b Victorian Resources Online, Agriculture Victoria. "Rosy Bluebush". vro.agriculture.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
- ^ a b c d e Wilson, P.G. (1975). "A taxonomic revision of the genus Maireana (Chenopodiaceae)". Nuytsia: Journal of the Western Australian Herbarium. 2 (1): 2–82.
- ^ "PlantNET - FloraOnline". plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
- ^ a b Pringle, H J, and Cranfield, R. (1995), A key to the species of bluebushes (Maireana species) of the arid southern shrublands of Western Australia. Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australia, Perth. Report 147.
- ^ Neagle, N. (2009). A Biological Survey of the Yalata Indigenous Protected Area, South Australia, 2007-2008. South Australia: Department for Environment and Heritage, South Australia. ISBN 9781921466809.
- ^ Rogers, M.E.; Craig, A.D.; Munns, R.; Colmer, T.D. (2005). "The potential for developing fodder plants for the salt-affected areas of southern and eastern Australia: An overview". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 45 (4): 301–329 – via Research Gate.