Madongchuan (simplified Chinese: 麻洞川镇; traditional Chinese: 麻洞川鎮; pinyin: Mádòngchuān Zhèn) is a town in Baota District, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China.[2] The town spans an area of 252.73 square kilometres (97.58 sq mi),[1] and has a population of 6,544 as of 2010.[3]

Madongchuan
麻洞川镇
Madongchuan is located in China
Madongchuan
Madongchuan
Coordinates: 36°23′17″N 109°48′53″E / 36.38806°N 109.81472°E / 36.38806; 109.81472
CountryChina
ProvinceShaanxi
Prefecture-level cityYan'an
DistrictBaota District
Area
 • Total252.73 km2 (97.58 sq mi)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total6,544
 • Density26/km2 (67/sq mi)

History

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Manmade grottoes dating back to the Song dynasty have been found in Madongchuan.[4]: 630  The Shiyaowan Grotto (Chinese: 石窑湾石窟; pinyin: Shíyáowān Shíkū) contains a number of Buddha statues (many of which have now been partially or completed destroyed), and inscriptions dating back to the late 11th century.[4]: 630 

On the evening of February 18, 1935, as part of the Chinese Civil War, forces of the Chinese Red Army clashed with 50 Mintuan [zh] soldiers, aligned with Chiang Kai-Shek's Nationalist government, in the village of Jinpenwan (Chinese: 金盆湾村).[4]: 14  Red Army forces won the battle.[4]: 14  Later in the Civil War, on May 11, 1947, Communist Party forces, now reorganized as the People's Liberation Army, clashed with Chiang's Nationalist Army again in Jinpenwan.[4]: 21  Forces of the People's Liberation Army, led by Yan Kuiyao [zh], won the battle, and effectively captured the village.[4]: 21  On November 14 and November 15 later that year, Nationalist Army aircraft bombed the village.[4]: 21 

From May through July 1950, an unidentified illness swept through the village of Jinpenwan, as well as other parts of present-day Baota District, killing 680 people.[4]: 25 

Madongchuan was established as a people's commune in 1972.[5] In 1984, it was changed to a township.[5]

Geography

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Madongchuan is located in the southeast portion of Baota District, bordered by the town of Lin [zh] to its east, Nanniwan and Chuankou [zh] to its west, Zhengzhuang [zh] in neighboring Yanchang County to its north, and Niuwu [zh] in neighboring Fu County to its south.[5] The town is located 65 kilometres (40 mi) from Baota District's urban core.[5]

The Fenchuan River (Chinese: 汾川河; pinyin: Fénchuān Hé), a minor river which flows from Nanniwan to Yichuan County and into the Yellow River, flows through Madongchuan.[4]: 263  The Fenchuan Canal (Chinese: 汾川渠; pinyin: Fénchuān Qú), a small canal off the Fenchuan River which irrigates nearby land, flows through Madongchuan, creating the Jinpenwan Reservoir (Chinese: 金盆湾水库; pinyin: Jīnpénwān Shuǐkù).[4]: 268  According to 1994 government publication, 62.3% of Madongchuan is forested.[4]: 238 

Administrative divisions

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Madongchuan administers 10 administrative villages (Chinese: 行政村; pinyin: xíngzhèng cūn),[6] as well as 38 natural villages (Chinese: 自然村; pinyin: zìrán cūn),[5] although the latter lacks any administrative jurisdiction. Madongchuan's government is located in Madongchuan Village (Chinese: 麻洞川村).[5] The town's 10 administrative villages are as follows:[5]

  • Madongchuan Village (Chinese: 麻洞川村)
  • Jinpenwan Village (Chinese: 金盆湾村)
  • Yuetun Village (Chinese: 岳屯村)
  • Xueshuiwan Village (Chinese: 雪水湾村)
  • Shiyaowan Village (Chinese: 石窑湾村)
  • Xicun Village (Chinese: 西村村; lit. 'west village')
  • Fancun Village (Chinese: 樊村村)
  • Zhaotai Village (Chinese: 赵台村)
  • Yaojiapo Village (Chinese: 姚家坡村)
  • Quli Village (Chinese: 曲里村)

Demographics

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As per the 2010 Chinese Census, Madongchuan has a population of 6,544.[3] This represents a significant decline from the 2000 Chinese Census, when its population totaled 10,416.[3] In 1985, Madongchuan's population totaled 8,405.[4]: 92  According to the 1982 Chinese Census, Madongchuan had a population of 8,257,[4]: 118  all of whom were classified as ethnically Han Chinese.[4]: 124  In the 1982 Census, Madongchuan had an average household size of 4.44 people.[4]: 127  As of the 1964 Chinese Census, Madongchuan had a population of 4,241, all of whom were classified as ethnically Han Chinese.[4]: 115–116 

Madongchuan has a recorded hukou population of 11,142 as of 2018.[1]

Economy

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Major crops grown in Madongchuan include maize,[4]: 186  tobacco,[4]: 186  and vegetables.[4]: 203 

A small hydropower plant known as the Dongwan Small Hydropower Plant (Chinese: 洞湾小水电站) was built in Madongchuan in 1958, and produces 1,000 Kilowatt-hour of electricity annually.[4]: 272 

Transportation

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The S303 highway runs through Madongchuan.[5]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c 中国县域统计年鉴·2019(乡镇卷) (in Chinese). Beijing: 中国统计出版社, 国家统计局农村社会经济调查司. May 2020. p. 616. ISBN 9787503791390.
  2. ^ 2020年统计用区划代码(宝塔区) [2020 Statistical Division Codes (Baota District)] (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2020. Archived from the original on 2021-10-17. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  3. ^ a b c 宝塔区历史沿革(第二页) [Baota District Organizational History (Page Two)]. xzqh.org (in Chinese). 2015-06-30. Archived from the original on 2021-10-19. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t 延安市志 [Yan'an City Records] (PDF). dfz.shaanxi.gov.cn (in Chinese). Shaanxi Provincial Local History Office. 1994-12-01. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-09-20. Retrieved 2021-09-19.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h 麻洞川乡 [Madongchuan Township]. xzqh.org (in Chinese). 2012-03-21. Archived from the original on 2021-09-21. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  6. ^ 2020年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码(麻洞川镇) [2020 Statistical Division Codes and Urban-Rural Division Codes (Madongchuan)] (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2020. Archived from the original on 2021-10-19. Retrieved 2021-10-26.