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The M05, sometimes known as the M05 Terrain Pattern (Finnish: M05 Maastokuvio),[1] is a family of military camouflage patterns used by the Finnish Defence Forces on uniforms and other equipment. The pattern is licensed by the Finnish Defence Forces[2] and became available to the public on 26 September 2016.[3]
| M05 | |
|---|---|
 M05 woodland pattern | |
| Type | Military camouflage pattern |
| Place of origin | Finland |
| Service history | |
| In service | 2007-Present |
| Used by | See Users |
| Production history | |
| Variants | See Patterns |
Design edit
The M05 was made by Pekka Vilhunen with the pattern registered in Finland on May 31, 2007.[2]
The first M05 items were issued to troops around 2007, and have nearly universally replaced the previous M91 pattern in service use. At the same time, the even older M62 pattern is still employed in some niche uses, such as by paratroopers of the Utti Jaeger Regiment due to the cut of the M62 equipment being better suited for parachuting.[4]
In January 2024, Finland has reported that the M23 combat uniform is being brought into service to eventually replace the M05.[5]
Patterns edit
Woodland edit
The basis of the planning of the new pattern are various photographs of Finnish forests taken by the Finnish Forest Research Institute. The photographs were then digitally edited by the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland's Information Technology Institute and concentrated into a 4-colour pattern representative of a Finnish forest. Dark charcoal grey, was added to the pattern in order to represent shadowed areas in a forest.
The pattern was field tested several times, leading to small changes. The new pattern was considered to be significantly better than the old M62 and M91 camouflage patterns.
The woodland pattern is used on at least the following FDF equipment:
- M05 Camouflage uniform
- M05 Ripstop cloth hot weather uniform [6] for international forces
- M05 Military police coverall
- M05 Field cap
- M05 Boonie hat
- M05 Reversible helmet cover (Woodland and Snow patterns)
- M05 Flak jacket
- M05 Rain/NBC suit
- M05 Gore-Tex suit for special forces
- M05 Patrol overall for special forces
- Personal camouflage net
Snow edit
The snow pattern is a 2-colour version of the M05 woodland pattern. The pattern has been observed to disrupt a soldier's profile so that the new suit cannot be detected at a few dozens of meters' distance in dense snowfall.
The snow pattern is used on the following FDF equipment:
- M05 Snow suit
- M05 Snow overalls (worn over flak and/or assault vests)
- M05 Reversible helmet cover
Cold weather edit
On the cold weather suit (Pakkaspuku) the woodland pattern's light green colour has been replaced by grey, which is a more common colour in the autumn and winter.
The cold weather pattern is used on the following FDF equipment:
- M05 Cold weather suit
- M05 Fur hat
Urban edit
At the same time Finnish Defence Forces made new grey-brown camouflage pattern for urban areas, but it is not yet used in clothing or gear.
Desert edit
Originally taken in use before other gear of M05 family, it's officially called the M04.
The first M04 items were taken in use around 2003 by Finnish contingent of UN peacekeeping mission in Eritrea (UNMEE) as a test pattern called K2004.[7] K2004 garments were printed into heavier cloth than current M04 that is printed to Ripstop cloth.[8]
Currently, the pattern is used by FDF international forces in Afghanistan (ISAF). It was also used UN operations in Chad, the Central African Republic (MINURCAT) and Lebanon (UNIFIL II)[8] in desert-based operations.[9]
The desert pattern is used on at least the following FDF equipment:
- M04 Desert hot weather uniform
- M04 Desert hot weather uniform shorts
- M04 Desert boonie hat
- M04 Desert field cap
- M05 Reversible helmet cover (Woodland and Desert patterns)
Yagel edit
The commercially produced Russian 'Yagel' (Ягель, Russian: Lichen) camouflage pattern, first came to public notice during the 2008 South Ossetia war where it was seen being worn by MVD Internal Troops. 'Yagel' is a four-colour camouflage, comprising irregularly outlined black, dark green and light green blocks on a wood brown background. It is very similar in appearance to Finnish M05 woodland camouflage pattern.
The resemblance between 'Yagel' and M05 woodland has given rise to numerous claims that Russia has copied the Finnish camouflage pattern. The claims were outlined by Helsingin Sanomat in an article titled "Russians under suspicion for having purloined camouflage design of Finnish Defence Forces" [10] and by Taloussanomat in several articles.[11][12] The New York Times also covered the issue on November 20, 2008 when Russian special forces were reported to have used it in Georgia.[13]
Users edit
References edit
- ^ a b "Finnish M05 Maastokuvio Pattern". Joint Forces News. 2020-05-16. Retrieved 2023-02-24.
- ^ a b Licence of M05/M04 Design at site of National Board of Patents and Registration of Finland Archived 2011-07-20 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Release of the M05 pattern | Foxa". foxa.fi. Retrieved 2023-02-24.
- ^ Kirmo Liukko, ”Valmiina, mene!” Ruotuväki, 2019-3-10
- ^ https://soldiersystems.net/2024/01/10/finland-fields-nordic-combat-uniform-as-combat-uniform-system-m23/
- ^ PV:n uuden helleasun, malli 05, käyttöönotto ja saapuminen toimialueille on viivästynyt
- ^ Eritreaan lähdössä oleva YKSRJEE ottaa koekäyttöönsä Puolustusvoimien uuden aavikkoasun
- ^ a b Ruotuväki
- ^ Larson (2021), p. 379.
- ^ "Helsingin Sanomat - International Edition - Home". Archived from the original on 2012-01-14. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
- ^ NY Times: Venäjä kiistää maastopukukopioinnin | Taloussanomat
- ^ Armeijan uusi maastokuvio karkasi Venäjälle | Taloussanomat
- ^ Finland Sees Familiar Pattern in Photos From Georgia War - NYTimes.com
- ^ "Finnish military suspects Russia copied thier[sic] camo -". The Firearm Blog. 2008-11-17. Retrieved 2023-02-24.
- ^ Larson (2021), p. 440.
Bibliography edit
- Larson, Eric H. (2021). Camouflage: International Ground Force Patterns, 1946–2017. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. ISBN 9781526739537.
