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Luis José de Orbegoso y Moncada-Galindo, de Burutarán y Morales (August 25, 1795[2][1] – February 5, 1847[1]), was an aristocratic Peruvian soldier and politician, who served as the 5th President of Peru as well as the first President of North Peru. This was a time of profound social instability and continuing civil war which led his government to coexist with that of Pedro Pablo Bermúdez, and later with Felipe Santiago Salaverry.
Luis José de Orbegoso | |
|---|---|
 Portrait by José Gil de Castro | |
| 5th President of Peru | |
| In office December 21, 1833 – February 23, 1835 | |
| Preceded by | Agustín Gamarra |
| Succeeded by | Felipe Santiago Salaverry |
| 1st President of North Peru | |
| In office 21 August 1837 – 30 July 1838 | |
| Preceded by | (Republic created) |
| Succeeded by | José de la Riva Agüero |
| 1st President of North Peru | |
| In office 30 July 1838 – 21 August 1838 | |
| Preceded by | (Republic created) |
| Succeeded by | Agustín Gamarra (as President of Peru) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | August 25, 1795[1][2] Chuquizongo, Huamachuco |
| Died | February 5, 1847 (aged 51)[1] Trujillo, Peru |
| Nationality | Peruvian |
| Profession | Soldier |
Orbegoso was born in Chuquizongo, Huamachuco, on August 25, 1795. His parents were Justo de Orbegoso y Burutarán and Francisca Moncada-Galindo y Morales, 4th countess of Olmos. Orbegoso was therefore the 5th count of Olmos.[2] He participated with José de San Martín in the war for independence and in the war against Gran Colombia during the government of José de La Mar. After the collapse of Agustín Gamarra's first government, Orbegoso was elected president in 1833, winning over Pedro Pablo Bermúdez, whom Gamarra had preferred as his successor.
During his government, he suffered the enmity of Gamarra, who while in exile had supported Bermúdez in his eventual presidency. Orbegoso had also to deal with the young Felipe Santiago Salaverry, who overthrew him 1835. Orbegoso, however, did not lose the support of southern Peru and, with the support of then President of Bolivia, Andrés de Santa Cruz, he regained his leadership throughout the country and executed Salaverry. In retribution to the support he received from Santa Cruz, he acceded to form the new Peru-Bolivian Confederacy. Santa Cruz assumed the "Supreme Protectorship" of the confederation and Orbegoso maintained only the presidency of the Republic of North Peru.
After being defeated by Gamarra's efforts to regain power with the support of Chile, Orbegoso had to abandon the country, returning later and staying away from an active political life. He died in Trujillo in 1847.
Gallery edit
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1842 painting by Ignacio Merino, depicting Orbegoso's 1834 entry into Lima during the Peruvian Civil War -
19th-century depiction of Orbegoso
References edit
- ^ a b c d Orbegoso, Luis José (1940). Memorias del gran mariscal don Luis José de Orbegoso (in Spanish). Gil. p. 147.
- ^ a b c Revista histórica (in Spanish). Instituto histórico del Perú. 1908. p. 369.