List of wars involving Morocco

This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of Morocco and the former entities that ruled the modern polity.

  Moroccan victory
  Moroccan defeat
  Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive)
  Ongoing conflict

Marinid Sultanate (1244–1465) edit

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Head of State Moroccan
losses
Battle of Salé

(1260)

Marinid Sultanate   Kingdom of Castile Victory Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd Al-Haqq Several killed
3,000 captured and taken as slaves in Seville[1]
Zayyanid Capture of Sijilmasa

(1264)

Marinid Sultanate Zayyanid Kingdom Defeat
Battle of Écija

(1275)

Marinid Sultanate
  Emirate of Granada
  Kingdom of Castile Victory Unknown
Battle of Martos

(1275)

Marinid Sultanate
  Emirate of Granada
  Kingdom of Castile Victory Unknown
Battle of Algeciras

(1278)

Marinid Sultanate
  Emirate of Granada
  Kingdom of Castile
  Order of Santa María de España
Victory Unknown
Siege of Algeciras

(1278–1279)

Marinid Sultanate   Kingdom of Castile Victory Unknown
Siege of Tlemcen

(1299–1307)

Marinid Sultanate Zayyanid Kingdom Defeat Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr Unknown
Third Siege of Gibraltar

(Feb.–Jun. 1333)

Marinid Sultanate   Kingdom of Castile Victory Abu al-Hasan Ali Unknown
Fourth Siege of Gibraltar

(Jun.–Aug. 1333)

Marinid Sultanate   Kingdom of Castile Victory Unknown
Siege of Tlemcen

(1335–1337)

Marinid Sultanate Zayyanid Kingdom Victory Unknown
Battle of Vega de Pagana

(1339)

Marinid Sultanate
  Emirate of Granada
  Crown of Castile Defeat Unknown
Battle of Río Salado

(1340)

Marinid Sultanate
  Emirate of Granada
  Crown of Castile
  Kingdom of Portugal
Defeat
  • The Marinid invasion decisively repelled.
Unknown
Battle of Estepona

(1342)

Marinid Sultanate   Crown of Aragon Defeat 4 galleys captured
2 ships destroyed
Siege of Algeciras

(1342–1344)

Marinid Sultanate
  Emirate of Granada
  Crown of Castile
  Republic of Genoa
  Kingdom of Aragon
  Kingdom of Portugal
  Kingdom of Navarre
  Crusaders
Defeat Unknown
Fifth Siege of Gibraltar

(1349–1350)

Marinid Sultanate
  Emirate of Granada
  Kingdom of Castile Victory Abu Inan Faris Unknown
Sixth Siege of Gibraltar

(1411)

Marinid Sultanate   Emirate of Granada Defeat Abu Said Uthman III Unknown
Conquest of Ceuta

(1415)

Marinid Sultanate   Kingdom of Portugal Defeat Several thousands killed or taken prisoners

1 cannon captured[2]

Siege of Ceuta

(1419)

Marinid Sultanate
  Emirate of Granada
  Portuguese Empire Defeat Unknown
Battle of Tangier

(1437)

Marinid Sultanate   Portuguese Empire Victory Abd al-Haqq II Unknown

Wattasid Sultanate (1472–1554) edit

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Head of State Moroccan
losses
Conquest of Asilah

(1471)

Wattasid Sultanate   Portuguese Empire Defeat Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Sheikh 2,000 killed
5,000 captured
Conquest of Melilla

(1497)

Wattasid Sultanate   Castile–Aragon Union Defeat Unknown
Battle of Azemmour

(1513)

Wattasid Sultanate   Portuguese Empire Defeat Muhammad al-Burtuqali 1,500 infantry killed
1000 cavalry killed
7 ships destroyed
Battle of Mamora

(1515)

Wattasid Sultanate   Portuguese Empire Victory Unknown

Saadi Sultanate (1510–1659) edit

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Head of State Moroccan
losses
Fall of Agadir

(1541)

Saadi Sultanate   Portuguese Empire Victory Mohammed al-Shaykh Unknown
Campaign of Tlemcen

(1551)

Saadi Sultanate
  Spanish Empire
  Ottoman Empire
Kingdom of Aït Abbas
Zayyanid Kingdom
Defeat Unknown
Capture of Fez

(1554)

Saadi Sultanate   Ottoman Empire

Kingdom of Kuku
Wattasid Sultanate
Principality of Debdou

Defeat Unknown
Battle of Tadla

(1554)

Saadi Sultanate Wattasid Sultanate Victory Unknown
Campaign of Tlemcen

(1557)

Saadi Sultanate   Beylerbeylik of Algiers
Kingdom of Aït Abbas
Defeat Unknown
Battle of Wadi al-Laban

(1558)

Saadi Sultanate   Beylerbeylik of Algiers Inconclusive Abdallah al-Ghalib Unknown
Siege of Mazagan

(1562)

Saadi Sultanate   Portuguese Empire Defeat Unknown
Rebellion of the Alpujarras

(1568–1571)

  Muslims of Granada
Support:
Saadi Sultanate
  Beylerbeylik of Algiers
  Spanish Empire Defeat Unknown
Capture of Fez

(1576)

Saadi Sultanate Saadi Sultanate

  Ottoman Empire

Abd al-Malik Forces Victory Abdallah Mohammed Unknown
Battle of Alcácer Quibir

(1578)

Saadi Sultanate   Portuguese Empire Victory Abd al-Malik I 7,000 dead (Portuguese source)

1,500 dead

(Spanish source)

Battle of Tondibi

(1591)

Saadi Sultanate Songhai Empire Victory Ahmad al-Mansur Unknown
Battle of Jenné

(1599)

Saadi Sultanate Mali Empire Victory Unknown
Succession War

(1603–1627)

Saadi Sultanate Saadi Sultanate Marrakesh Forces Victory Abd al-Malik II Unknown

Alaouite Sultanate (1668–1912) edit

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Head of State Moroccan
losses
Siege of Tangier

(1680)

  Alaouite Sultanate   Kingdom of England Defeat Ismail Ibn Sharif
Siege of Mehdya

(1681)

  Alaouite Sultanate   Spanish Empire Victory Unknown
Siege of Larache

(1689)

  Alaouite Sultanate   Spanish Empire Victory Unknown
Siege of Asilah

(1691)

  Alaouite Sultanate   Spanish Empire Victory Unknown
Battle of Moulouya

(1692)

  Alaouite Sultanate   Deylik of Algiers Defeat 5,000 killed
Siege of Oran

(1693)

  Alaouite Sultanate   Spanish Empire
  Deylik of Algiers
Defeat Unknown
Sieges of Ceuta

(1694–1727)

  Alaouite Sultanate
Support:
  Kingdom of England (Until 1707)
  Great Britain (From 1707)
  Spanish Empire Withdrawal Unknown
Maghrebi War

(1699–1702)

  Beylik of Tunis
  Alaouite Sultanate
  Pashalik of Tripoli (Until 1700)
  Deylik of Algiers
  Pashalik of Tripoli (From 1700)
Stalemate 3,050 killed (Battle of Chelif)
Laghouat Expedition

(1708–1713)

  Alaouite Sultanate Laghouat
Aïn Madhi
Aïn Séfra
Boussemghoun
Victory Unknown
Larache Expedition

(1765)

  Alaouite Sultanate   Kingdom of France Victory
  • Rout of the French fleet.
  • Signing of a truce and a treaty in 1767.
Mohammed III 30 killed
Siege of Mazagan

(1769)

  Alaouite Sultanate   Kingdom of Portugal Victory Unknown
Siege of Melilla

(1774–1775)

  Alaouite Sultanate
Support:
  Great Britain
  Kingdom of Spain Defeat 600 dead or wounded
Dutch-Moroccan War

(1775–1777)

  Alaouite Sultanate   Dutch Republic Defeat
  • Release of all Dutch slaves.
  • Freeing of the Dutch Republic from paying tributes and sending gifts to Morocco.
Several ships destroyed and captured
Capture of the Rif

(1792)

  Alaouite Sultanate   Deylik of Algiers Defeat Slimane ben Mohammed Unknown
First Barbary War

(1802–1804)

  Pashalik of Tripoli
  Alaouite Sultanate
  United States
  Sweden (1802)
  Sicily
Inconclusive None
French conquest of Algeria

(1830–1844)

  Deylik of Algiers
  Emirate of Mascara
Support:
  Alaouite Sultanate
  France Defeat Abd al-Rahman ben Hisham Unknown
Franco-Moroccan War

(1844)

  Alaouite Sultanate   France Defeat 870 killed
28 cannons lost
Bombardment of Salé

(1851)

  Alaouite Sultanate   France Inconclusive 24 killed
47 injured
Battle of Tres Forcas

(1856)

  Alaouite Sultanate   Prussia Victory Unknown
Hispano-Moroccan War

(1859–1860)

  Alaouite Sultanate   Spain Defeat Mohammed IV 6,000 killed
Tarfaya Expedition

(1886–1888)

  Alaouite Sultanate   United Kingdom Victory Hassan I Unknown
Margallo War

(1893–1894)

  Alaouite Sultanate   Spain Defeat Unknown
Bou Hmara Rebellion

(1902–1909)

  Alaouite Sultanate Bou Hmara's Domains Victory Abd al-Aziz ben Hassan Unknown
Al-Raysuni Rebellion

(1903–1908)

  Alaouite Sultanate Al-Raysuni's Domains Compromise Unknown
Pacification of Mauritania

(1904–1908)

Emirate of Adar
Support:
  Alaouite Sultanate
  France Defeat Unknown
French conquest of Morocco

(1907–1912)

  Alaouite Sultanate   France
  Spain
Defeat Unknown

Kingdom of Morocco (1956–present) edit

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Head of State Moroccan
losses
Ifni War

(1957–1958)

  Morocco   Spain

  France

Victory
  • No longer tied down in conflicts with the French, committed a significant portion of its resources and manpower to gain independence from Spain.
  • Treaty of Angra de Cintra
Mohammed V 1,000 killed[13]
Rif Revolt

(1958–1959)

  Morocco Riffian insurgents Victory
  • Rebellion suppressed.
~1,000 killed[14]
Angolan War of Independence

(1961–1974)

  FNLA
  UNITA
Support:
  Morocco
  Bulgaria
  China
  North Korea
  Romania
  Tunisia
  United States
  Zaire
  Zambia
  Portugal

Support:
  Israel
  Rhodesia
  South Africa

Victory Hassan II Unknown
Tuareg Rebellion

(1962–1964)

  Mali
Support:
  Morocco
  Algeria
Tuareg insurgents Victory
  • Rebellion suppressed
Unknown
Sand War

(1963)

  Morocco
Support:
  France
  Algeria
Support:
  Cuba[15]
  Egypt
Stalemate 39 killed, 57 captured

or

200 killed[16]

October War

(1973)

  Federation of Arab Republics

  Morocco
  Algeria
  Cuba
  Iraq
  Jordan
  Kuwait
  Libya
  Saudi Arabia
  Sudan
  Tunisia
Support:
  North Korea[17][18]

  Israel Defeat[19] (Strategic Political Gains)[20] 6 captured
Green March

(1975)

  Morocco   Spain Victory Unknown
Western Sahara War

(1975–1991)

  Morocco
  Mauritania
(Until 1979)
  France
(Opération Lamantin, aid from 1978)
Support:
  Saudi Arabia
  United States
  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

  Algeria
(Amgala I, aid from 1976)[22]
Support:
  Libya
(Until 1984)

Stalemate
  • Spanish withdrawal under the Madrid Accords (1976)
  • Mauritanian retreat and withdrawal of territorial claims
  • Military Stalemate
  • Ceasefire agreed on between the Polisario Front and Morocco (1991)
  • Morocco controls 75% of the Western Sahara, the Polisario Front controls 25%
Unknown

2,155–
2,300 captured

Shaba I

(1977)

  Zaire
  Morocco
  Belgium
  Egypt
  France
  FNLC Victory
  • FNLC expelled from Katanga
  • The FNLC withdrew to Angola and possibly to Zambia
8 killed
Shaba II

(1978)

  Zaire
  Morocco
  Belgium
  France
  United States
  FNLC Victory 1 paratrooper killed
Gulf War

(1990–1991)

  United States
  United Kingdom
  Egypt
  France
  Kuwait
  Saudi Arabia
Coalition:
  Morocco
  Afghan mujahideen
  Argentina
  Australia
  Bahrain
  Bangladesh
  Belgium
  Canada
  Czechoslovakia
  Denmark
  Germany
  Greece
  Honduras
  Hungary
  Italy
  Japan
  Netherlands
  New Zealand
  Niger
  Norway
  Oman
  Pakistan
  Poland
  Portugal
  Qatar
  Romania
  Senegal
  Sierra Leone
  Singapore
  South Korea
  Spain
  Sweden
  Syria
  Turkey
  United Arab Emirates
  Iraq Victory
  • Iraqi withdrawal from Kuwait; Emir Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah restored
  • Kuwaiti independence restored
  • Heavy casualties and destruction of Iraqi and Kuwaiti infrastructure
Unknown
Operation Restore Hope

(1992–1993)

  UNITAF:
  Morocco
  Australia
  Bangladesh
  Belgium
  Botswana
  Canada
  Egypt
  Ethiopia
  France
  Germany
  Greece
  India
  Italy
  Kuwait
  Malaysia
  New Zealand
  Nigeria
  Norway
  Pakistan
  Saudi Arabia
  Spain
  Tunisia
  Turkey
  United Arab Emirates
  United Kingdom
  United States
  Zimbabwe
Somali National Alliance Victory None
Perejil Island crisis

(2002)

  Morocco   Spain Defeat Mohammed VI 6 soldiers captured and released on the same day[23]
Insurgency in the Maghreb

(2002–)

  Morocco
  Algeria
  Libya
  Mali
  Mauritania
  Niger
  Tunisia
Support:
  Czech Republic
  Denmark
  France
  Germany
  Netherlands
  Russia
  Sweden
  United Kingdom
  United States
  Al-Qaeda
  Da'ish
Ongoing Unknown
Operation Scorched Earth

(2009–2010)

  Yemen
  Saudi Arabia
  Morocco
  Jordan
  Houthis
  Iran
Stalemate
  • Houthis consolidate control over Sa'dah[24]
  • Ceasefire after rebels accepted the government's truce conditions.
None
Central African Republic Civil War

(2013–)

  Central African Republic
  Morocco
  MICOPAX:

  MINUSCA
(From 2014)
  Russia
(From 2018)
  France
(Until 2021)
  South Africa
(2013)
MISCA
(Until 2014)
  EUFOR RCA:
(2014–2015)

  CPC
  PRNC
  LRA
Ongoing
  • As of July 2021 government controls more territory than at any point since the war began in 2012[25]
None
Intervention In Iraq

(2014–2016)

  CJTF–OIR:
  United States
  Morocco
  Australia
  Belgium
  Canada
  Denmark
  France
  Germany
  Italy
  Jordan
  Netherlands
  New Zealand
  Turkey
  United Kingdom
  Iraq
  Da'ish
  White Flags
Victory
  • Iraqi government forces regain control of all parts of Iraq previously controlled by ISIL.[26]
  • Heavy damage dealt to ISIL forces; military defeat in Iraq[27][28]
  • Iraq declares military victory against ISIL on 9 December 2017
Unknown
Intervention in Syria

(2014–2016)

  CJTF–OIR:
  United States
  Morocco
  Australia
  Bahrain
  Belgium
  Canada
  Denmark
  France
  Germany
(From 2015)
  Italy
  Jordan
  Netherlands
  Qatar
  Saudi Arabia
  United Arab Emirates
  United Kingdom
  Da'ish
  Al-Qaeda
  Turkistan Islamic Party
  Syria
  Russia
  Iran
Victory
  • ISIL had lost 25 percent of the territory it possessed in Syria.
Unknown
Intervention In Yemen

(2015–2019)

  Saudi Arabia
  United Arab Emirates
  Morocco
  Bahrain
  Egypt
  Jordan
  Kuwait
  Qatar
(Until 2017)
  Senegal
  Sudan
Support:
  Germany
  United Kingdom
(Until 2017)
  United States
  Supreme Revolutionary CommitteeSupreme Political Council
  Houthis
  Iran
  North Korea
Stalemate 10 killed

1 F-16 shot down

Western Saharan clashes

(2020–)

  Morocco   Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Ongoing At least 2 soldiers killed[31][32]

References edit

  1. ^ Mrini, Driss; Alaoui, Ismaïl (1997). Salé: Cité Millénaire (in French). Editions Eclat, Rabat. pp. 45–46.
  2. ^ Chase, p. 109
  3. ^ Mercier, Ernest (1891). Histoire de l'Afrique septentrionale (Berbérie) depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu'à la conquête française (1930) (in French). Ernest Leroux.
  4. ^ "The great Muslim empires: Ottomans, Saffavids and Mughals", Discovering Islam, Routledge, pp. 85–109, 2002-11-01, doi:10.4324/9780203406304-9, ISBN 978-0-203-40630-4, retrieved 2021-05-04
  5. ^ Spear, Thomas (2011-12-08), "Ogot, Bethwell Allan", African American Studies Center, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49688, ISBN 978-0-19-530173-1, retrieved 2021-05-04
  6. ^ Charles, Eunice A.; Lipschutz, Mark R.; Rasmussen, R. Kent (1979). "Dictionary of African Historical Biography". ASA Review of Books. 5: 97. doi:10.2307/532419. ISSN 0364-1686. JSTOR 532419.
  7. ^ Barletta, Vincent (2010). Death in Babylon. University of Chicago Press. doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226037394.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-226-03736-3.
  8. ^ Pereyra, M. L. (November 1927). "Les Livres de Virginal de la Bibliotheque du Conservatoire de Paris (IIIe)". Revue de musicologie. 8 (24): 205–213. doi:10.2307/926215. ISSN 0035-1601. JSTOR 926215.
  9. ^ Ogot, Bethwell (1998). International Scientific Committee for the drafting of a General History of Africa, p. 176
  10. ^ Galibert, Léon (1843). Histoire de l'Algérie ancienne et moderne: depuis les premiers établissements des carthaginois (in French). Furne.
  11. ^ Hamet, Ismaël (1857-1932) Auteur du texte (1923). Histoire du Maghreb : cours professé à l'Institut des hautes études marocaines / Ismaël Hamet,...{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ a b Brown, Chester. Chester Brown : conversations. ISBN 978-1-62103-969-3. OCLC 841518502.
  13. ^ Jung, Dietrich; Schlichte, Klaus; Siegelberg, Jens; Bach, Jonathan P.G. (2018-04-24), "Evaluating War Since 1945", Warfare Since the Second World War, Routledge, pp. 73–168, doi:10.4324/9781351289726-4, ISBN 978-1-351-28972-6, retrieved 2021-03-14
  14. ^ Mouline, Nabil (December 2016). "Qui sera l'État ? Le soulèvement du Rif reconsidéré (1958-1959)". Le carnet du Centre Jacques Berque (in French). Retrieved 2022-03-20.
  15. ^ Brian Latell (24 April 2012). Castro's Secrets: Cuban Intelligence, The CIA, and the Assassination of John F. Kennedy. St. Martin's Press. p. 164. ISBN 978-1-137-00001-9. In this instance, unlike several others, the Cubans did no fighting; ; Algeria concluded an armistice with the Moroccan king.
  16. ^ Clodfelter, Micheal (2008). Warfare and armed conflicts : a statistical encyclopedia of casualty and other figures, 1494-2007. Internet Archive. Jefferson, N.C. : McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-3319-3.
  17. ^ Smith, Terence (1973-10-18). "Hundreds of Tanks Clash in a Struggle for Suez Area". The New York Times. "North Korea has decided to give military assistance to Egypt and Syria, its press agency [...] said today."
  18. ^ Smith, Hedrick (1973-10-19). "Flow of Soviet Jews Is Undimished". The New York Times. "[...] Premier Kim Il Sung of North Korea had met with the Egyptian and Syrian ambassadors in Pyonyang to inform them of his Government's decision 'to give material assistance including military aid to Syria and Egypt.' [...] [This] lends credence to the [US] Defence Department's report that North Korean pilots were flying missions for Cairo."
  19. ^ References:
    • Herzog, The War of Atonement, Little, Brown and Company, 1975. Forward
    • Insight Team of the London Sunday Times, Yom Kippur War, Doubleday and Company, Inc, 1974, page 450
    • Luttwak and Horowitz, The Israeli Army. Cambridge, MA, Abt Books, 1983
    • Rabinovich, The Yom Kippur War, Schocken Books, 2004. Page 498
    • Revisiting The Yom Kippur War, P.R. Kumaraswamy, pages 1–2 ISBN 0-313-31302-4
    • Johnson and Tierney, Failing To Win, Perception of Victory and Defeat in International Politics. Page 177
    • Charles Liebman, The Myth of Defeat: The Memory of the Yom Kippur war in Israeli Society[permanent dead link] Middle Eastern Studies, Vol 29, No. 3, July 1993. Published by Frank Cass, London. Page 411.
  20. ^ Loyola, Mario (7 October 2013). "How We Used to Do It - American diplomacy in the". National Review. p. 1. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
  21. ^ Loyola, Mario (7 October 2013). "How We Used to Do It - American diplomacy in the". National Review. p. 1. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
  22. ^ "Argelia acusa la derrota de Angola". ABC (in Spanish): 41. 1976-02-07. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
  23. ^ "Spanish troops recapture Parsley island". the Guardian. 2002-07-18. Retrieved 2022-03-20.
  24. ^ Zimmerman, Katherine L. Yemen's Pivotal Moment. Critical Threats Project of the American Enterprise Institute, 2014.
  25. ^ "Central African Republic Control Map & Timeline - July 2021". Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  26. ^ George, Susannah; Abdul-Zahra • •, Qassim (5 February 2018). "US Declares Victory Over ISIS, Starts Iraq Drawdown". NBC Los Angeles. Retrieved 2022-03-20.
  27. ^ "ISIS Lost 40 Percent of Its Territory in Iraq, Syria: Coalition". NBC News. 5 January 2016. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
  28. ^ "Iraq holds victory parade after defeating Islamic State". Reuters. 2017-12-10. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
  29. ^ "Yemeni Separatists Relinquish Control of Buildings in Aden". The New York Times. Reuters. 17 August 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-08-17. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  30. ^ Aljazeera (8 February 2019). "Morocco suspends participation in Saudi-led war in Yemen". news24. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
  31. ^ "Time for International Re-engagement in Western Sahara". Crisis Group. 2021-03-11. Retrieved 2021-04-02.
  32. ^ "Algeria and Morocco: The Conflict on Europe's Doorstep". 2 November 2021.