This is a list of wars involving the Arab Republic of Egypt and its predecessor states.
Early Dynastic Period (c. 3100-2686 BC) edit
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results | Monarch | Egyptian losses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Egypto-Nubian conflict (c. 3100–3000 BC) | First Dynasty of Egypt | A-Group culture (Nubia) | Victory | Djer or Djet[2] | ? |
Middle Kingdom Period (c. 2040-1802 BC) edit
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results | Monarch | Egyptian losses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Egyptian Campaign in Lower Nubia (c. 1953 BC)[3] | Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt | Various peoples in Lower Nubia. | Victory
|
Senusret I | ? |
| Egyptian Campaign in Nubia (c. 1870–1859 BC)[4] | Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt | Various Nubian peoples | Victory
|
Senusret III | ? |
| Egyptian Campaign in Canaan (Between c. 1880 and c. 1840 BC) | Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt | Shechem Retjenu |
Victory
|
Senusret III | ? |
New Kingdom Period (c. 1550-1077 BC) edit
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results | Monarch | Egyptian losses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Egyptian Campaign in the Levant (1458–1457 BC) | Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt | Canaanites Kadesh Megiddo Kingdom of Mitanni Hurrians |
Victory
|
Thutmose III | 4,000 at the Battle of Megiddo |
Ptolemaic Kingdom (310-30 BC) edit
Ayyubid Sultanate (1171–1250) edit
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results | Sultan | Egyptian losses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Third Crusade
(1189–1192) |
 Ayyubid Sultanate
|
 Angevin Empire
|
Stalemate
|
Saladin | ? |
| Crusade of 1197
(1197–1198) |
Ayyubid Sultanate
|
.svg){kind=small} Holy Roman Empire
|
Defeat
|
Al-Aziz Uthman | ? |
| Fifth Crusade
(1217–1221) |
Ayyubid Sultanate
|
Holy Roman Empire
|
Victory
|
Al-Kamil | ? |
| Sixth Crusade
(1228–1229) |
Ayyubid Sultanate
|
Holy Roman Empire
|
Stalemate
Diplomatic Crusader victory
|
Al-Kamil | ? |
| Baron's Crusade
(1239–1241) |
Ayyubid Sultanate
|
 Kingdom of Jerusalem
|
Defeat
|
As-Salih Ayyub | ? |
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Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517) edit
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Ottoman Eyalet of Egypt and Khedivate of Egypt (1803–1914) edit
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Sultanate of Egypt (British Protectorate) (1914–1922) edit
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results | Head of State | Egyptian losses | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World War I (1914–1918) |
 France
|
 German Empire
|
Victory
|
Hussein Kamel | 14,763+ | |
| Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition (1916) |
Sultanate of Darfur | Victory
|
5 | |||
| Egyptian Revolution (1919) |
 British Empire
|
 Rebels
|
Diplomatic Revolutionary Victory
|
Fuad I | 800 | |
Kingdom of Egypt (1922–1953) edit
Republic of Egypt (1953–1958) edit
| Conflict | Egypt and allies |
Opponents | Results | Head of State | Minister of Defense |
Egyptian losses | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military | Civilians | ||||||
| Suez Crisis (1956) |
 Republic of Egypt
|
 Israel  United Kingdom France
|
Inconclusive
Coalition military victory[19][20][21]
|
Gamal Abdel Nasser | Abdel Hakim Amer | 1,650– 3,000 |
~1,000 |
United Arab Republic (1958–1971) edit
| Conflict | Egypt and allies |
Opponents | Results | Head of State | Minister of Defense |
Egyptian losses | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military | Civilians | ||||||
| North Yemen Civil War (1962–1967) |
 Yemen Arab Republic United Arab Republic
|
 Kingdom of Yemen  Saudi Arabia
|
Stalemate
|
Gamal Abdel Nasser | Abdel Wahab el-Beshry | 26,000 dead[22] | None |
| Sand War (1963) |
 Algeria United Arab Republic
|
 Morocco
|
Stalemate
|
Unknown | None | ||
| Six-Day War (1967) |
United Arab Republic Syria Jordan Iraq Lebanon
|
Israel
|
Defeat
|
Shams Badran | 9,800–15,000 killed or missing[23][24] | Unknown | |
| War of Attrition (1967–1970) |
United Arab Republic Soviet Union PLO Jordan
|
Israel
|
Both sides claimed victory
|
Mohamed Fawzi | 2,882[25]–10,000[26] | ||
| Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970) |
 Nigeria United Arab Republic
|
 Biafra
|
Victory (Limited Involvement) | Unknown | None | ||
Arab Republic of Egypt (1971–present) edit
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Notes edit
- ^ a b "Ancient Nubia: A-Group 3800–3100 BC". The Oriental Institute. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
- ^ Somaglino, Claire; Tallet, Pierre (2015). "Gebel Sheikh Suleiman : a First Dynasty Relief after all..." Archéo-Nil 25.
- ^ Simpson, William K. (1984). "Sesostris II". In Wolfgang Helck (ed.). Lexikon der Ägyptologie Vol. 5. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. p. 895. ISBN 3447024895.
- ^ Breasted, J.H. (1906). Ancient Records of Egypt: Part One. Chicago. pp. 640–673.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Breasted, J.H. (1906). Ancient Records of Egypt: Part One. Chicago. p. 652.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Pritchard, James B. (2016). Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament with Supplement. Princeton University Press. p. 230. ISBN 978-1-4008-8276-2.
- ^ Steindorff, George; Seele, Keith (1942). When Egypt Ruled the East. University of Chicago. p. 55.
- ^ The era of Muhammad Ali, pp. 131-pg. 132 by Abd al-Rahman al-Rafei.
- ^ Howarth, The Greek Adventure, p. 241.
- ^ Lt. Col. Osama Shams El-Din. "A Military History of Modern Egypt from the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War." United States Army Command and General Staff College, 2007. [1] PDF
- ^ Firro, Kais. A history of the Druzes, Volume 1. pp.70-75
- ^ Dunn, John P. (2005). Khedive Ismail's Army. Routledge. p. 150. ISBN 9780714657042.
- ^ Wright, William (2009). A Tidy Little War: The British Invasion of Egypt, 1882. Spellmount.
- ^ Snook, op.cit., p.13
- ^ Churchill p. 30
- ^ Churchill p. 33
- ^ Liebau, Heike; et al., eds. (2010). World in World Wars: Experiences, Perceptions, and Perspectives from Africa and Asia. Studies in Global Social History. Boston: Brill. p. 227. ISBN 978-90-04-18545-6.
- ^ "Wars of the World: Israeli War of Independence 1948–1949". Onwar.com. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
- ^ a b Tal (2001) p 203
- ^ Mart, Michelle (2006-02-09). Eye on Israel: How America Came to View the Jewish State as an Ally. SUNY Press. p. 159. ISBN 0791466876.
- ^ Stewart (2013) p 133
- ^ Pollack (2002), p. 56
- ^ El Gamasy 1993 p. 79.
- ^ Herzog 1982, p. 165.
- ^ Saad el-Shazly, The Crossing of Suez. p. 195. ISBN 978-0-9604562-2-2.
- ^ Benny Morris, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881–2001, Random House (1999), page 362. ISBN 978-0-679-74475-7.
- ^ Smith, Terence (1973-10-18). "Hundreds of Tanks Clash in a Struggle for Suez Area". The New York Times. "North Korea has decided to give military assistance to Egypt and Syria, its press agency [...] said today."
- ^ Smith, Hedrick (1973-10-19). "Flow of Soviet Jews Is Undimished". The New York Times. "[...] Premier Kim Il Sung of North Korea had met with the Egyptian and Syrian ambassadors in Pyonyang to inform them of his Government's decision 'to give material assistance including military aid to Syria and Egypt.' [...] [This] lends credence to the [US] Defence Department's report that North Korean pilots were flying missions for Cairo."
- ^ References:
- Herzog, The War of Atonement, Little, Brown and Company, 1975. Forward
- Insight Team of the London Sunday Times, Yom Kippur War, Doubleday and Company, Inc, 1974, page 450
- Luttwak and Horowitz, The Israeli Army. Cambridge, MA, Abt Books, 1983
- Rabinovich, The Yom Kippur War, Schocken Books, 2004. Page 498
- Revisiting The Yom Kippur War, P.R. Kumaraswamy, pages 1–2 ISBN 0-313-31302-4
- Johnson and Tierney, Failing To Win, Perception of Victory and Defeat in International Politics. Page 177
- Charles Liebman, The Myth of Defeat: The Memory of the Yom Kippur war in Israeli Society[permanent dead link] Middle Eastern Studies, Vol 29, No. 3, July 1993. Published by Frank Cass, London. Page 411.
- ^ Loyola, Mario (7 October 2013). "How We Used to Do It - American diplomacy in the". National Review. p. 1. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
- ^ Loyola, Mario (7 October 2013). "How We Used to Do It - American diplomacy in the". National Review. p. 1. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
- ^ Garwych, p. 243.
- ^ Herzog, Encyclopaedia Judaica, Keter Publishing House, 1974, p. 87.
- ^ Europa Publications Limited, The Middle East & North Africa, Volume 50: p.303
- ^ Schmitt, Eric (22 March 1991). "After the War". The New York Times.
- ^ "Soldier Reported Dead Shows Up at Parents' Doorstep". Associated Press. 22 March 1991.
- ^ Mike Levine; James Gordon Meek; Pierre Thomas; Lee Ferran (23 September 2014). "What Is the Khorasan Group, Targeted By US in Syria?". ABC News. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
- ^ "Wilayat al-Yemen: The Islamic State's New Front". Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
- ^ Penney, Joe (5 October 2011). "The 'War on Terror' rages in the Philippines". Al Jazeera. Qatar. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
Abuza, Zachary (September 2005). "Balik-Terrorism: The Return of the Abu Sayyag" (PDF). Strategic Studies Institute. United States Army. Retrieved 6 May 2015. - ^ "Jemaah Islamiyah". Mapping Militant Organizations. Stanford University. 14 February 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
"Profile: Jemaah Islamiah". United Kingdom: BBC News. 2 February 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2015. - ^ "Pakistan Taliban splinter group vows allegiance to Islamic State". Reuters. 18 November 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
- ^ "ISIS Now Has Military Allies in 11 Countries – NYMag". Daily Intelligencer. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
- ^ "Pakistani splinter group rejoins Taliban amid fears of isolation". Reuters. 12 March 2015. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
- ^ a b "Islamic extremist groups to merge in Mali, pledge allegiance to al-Quaida". Archived from the original on 4 March 2017.
- ^ Thomas Joscelyn (19 November 2014). "UN recognizes ties between Ansar al Sharia in Libya, al Qaeda". Long War Journal. Foundation for Defense of Democracies.
- ^ Irshaid, Faisal (13 June 2014). "Profile: Libya's Ansar al-Sharia". BBC News.
- ^ Hashem, Mostafa (27 May 2017). "Libyan Islamist group Ansar al-Sharia says it is dissolving". Reuters.
- ^ "Egypt's prime minister quits, new govt soon-army". Forexyard.com. Archived from the original on 2011-05-01. Retrieved 5 March 2011.
- ^ Egypt's Mubarak Steps Down; Military Takes Over, The Wall Street Journal, 11 February 2011.
- ^ "Egypt's military moves to dissolve parliament, suspend constitution". Haaretz. Reuters. 29 November 2010. Archived from the original on 14 February 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
- ^ "Egyptian state security disbanded". 15 March 2011. Archived from the original on 16 March 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
- ^ Egypt dissolves former ruling party http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/04/2011416125051889315.html
- ^ "How the mighty have fallen". Al-Ahram Weekly. 2 February 2011. Archived from the original on 1 May 2011. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
- ^ Kirkpatrick, David D.; Stack, Liam (13 March 2011). "Prosecutors Order Mubarak and Sons Held". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 April 2011. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
- ^ "Mubarak to be tried for murder of protesters". Reuters. 24 May 2011. Archived from the original on 31 May 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
- ^ "Egypt's state of emergency ends after 31 years". The Daily Telegraph. London. 31 May 2012.
- ^ "Mohammed Morsi sworn in as Egypt's president". CBS News. 30 June 2012. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
- ^ "846 killed in Egypt uprising". Haaretz. 20 April 2011. Archived from the original on 20 April 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
- ^ "924 killed in Egyptian Revolution". 31 December 2011. Archived from the original on 2012-01-06. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ "Activists on Facebook: the military killed 99 and wounded 2702 in 10 months". Tahrirnews.com. 30 December 2011. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
- ^ "Egypt has lost more than 3,000 in fight against militants since 2013, says El Sisi". The national News. 27 April 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
- ^ "The Heavy Civilian Toll in Sinai". Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
- ^ "Death toll in Egypt mosque attack rises to more than 300". 25 November 2017. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
- ^ "Russian plane crash in Egypt: It's too early to determine cause, officials say". Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
- ^ "South Korean church mourns after Egypt bombing". Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
- ^ "Three Vietnamese tourists, guide killed by Egypt roadside bomb". The Straits Times. 29 December 2018. Archived from the original on 30 December 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
- ^ "Croatian hostage 'killed by IS in Egypt'". BBC News. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
- ^ "BREAKING: Egypt's interim president dissolves Shura Council: State TV". Ahram Online. 5 July 2013. Archived from the original on 26 September 2013. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
- ^ "Egypt: Rabaa Killings Likely Crimes against Humanity". Human Rights Watch. 12 August 2014. Archived from the original on 16 August 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
- ^ "90 Egyptians killed in week's clashes". World Bulletin. 6 July 2013. Archived from the original on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 6 July 2013.