This is a list of premodern wars that occurred in the Low Countries until 1560.
- For subsequent wars in the north, see List of wars involving the Dutch Republic (1560–1795) and List of wars involving the Netherlands (1795–present).
- For subsequent wars in the south, see
- List of wars in the southern Low Countries (1560–1829)
- List of wars involving Belgium (1830–present)
- List of wars involving Luxembourg (1890–present).
List edit
| Start | Finish | Name of conflict | Belligerents | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | ||||
| 58 BCE | 50 BCE | Gallic Wars | Roman Republic | Gallic tribes Germanic tribes Celtic Britons Iberian tribes |
Decisive Roman victory
|
| 54 BCE | 53 BCE | Ambiorix's revolt (part of the Gallic Wars) |
Roman Republic | Eburones | Roman victory
|
| 12 BCE | 16 CE | Early Imperial campaigns in Germania (including the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest) |
Roman Empire | Germanic tribes | Strategic Germanic victory
|
| 28 | 28 | Battle of Baduhenna Wood | Roman Empire | Frisii | Indecisive; tactical Frisian victory
|
| 47 | 47 | Gannascus' revolt | Roman Empire | Cananefates Chauci Frisii |
Roman victory
|
| 69 | 70 | Revolt of the Batavi | Roman Empire | Batavi Cananefates Frisii Lingones Treveri |
Roman victory
|
| 286 | 296 | Carausian Revolt | Roman Empire |  CarausiusFranks |
Roman victory
|
| c.445 | c.450 | Frankish conquest of Turnacum and Cameracum[2] | Roman Empire | Salian Franks | Frankish victory |
| 448 | 448 | Battle of Vicus Helena | Roman Empire | Salian Franks | Roman victory |
| c.450 | c.450 | Battle of Finnsburg? | Frisii | Danes | Danish victory |
| c.525 | c.525 | Battle on the Rhine? | Frankish Empire Frisii? |
Danes | Frankish victory |
| 600 | 793 | Frisian–Frankish wars | Frankish Empire | Frisian Kingdom | Frankish victory
|
| 715 | 718 | Frankish Civil War (715–718) | Carolingian faction (Austrasian) Charles Martel Chlothar IV (717–718) Pippinid faction (Austrasian) |
Neustrian faction Ragenfrid Dagobert III (†715) Chilperic II Redbad of Frisia (716–718) Odo of Aquitaine (independent until 718) |
Carolingian victory
|
| 772 | 804 | Saxon Wars | Frankish Empire Obotrite Confederacy |
Saxons Frisians |
Frankish victory
|
| 834 | 891 | Viking raids in the Rhineland | Vikings | Frankish Empire, splitting into: | Frankish victory
|
| 978 | 980 | Franco-German war | Holy Roman Empire | West Francia | Status quo ante bellum |
| 987 | 991 | Charles-Hugh Capet war | Lower Lotharingia | Kingdom of France | French Victory |
| 1012 | 1018 | Lower Lorrainian war of succession[3] | County of Verdun Prince-Bishopric of Liège
|
 County of Leuven & Brussels County of Namur County of Hainaut County of Flanders
|
Verdun victory
|
| 1018 | 1018 | Battle of Vlaardingen | West Frisia (later County of Holland) | .svg){kind=small} Holy Roman Empire
|
West Frisian victory
|
| 1037 | 1037 | Odo II invasion of Lotharingia | County of Champagne | Lower and Upper Lotharingia under Gothelo I | ●Battle of Bar-le-Duc : death of Odo
●Holy Roman Empire victory |
| 1044 | 1056 | Revolts of Godfrey the Bearded |  Upper Lorraine Pro-Godfrey Lower Lorraine County of Flanders County of Leuven & Brussels
|
Holy Roman Empire Pro-Gothelo II Lower Lorraine Pro-Frederick Lower Lorraine Bishopric of Metz
|
Compromise
|
| 1070 | 1071 | War of the Flemish succession (1070–1071) | Pro-Robert Flanders West Frisia (later County of Holland) |
Pro-Arnulf Flanders.svg){kind=small} Kingdom of France County of Hainaut County of Boulogne.svg){kind=small} Duchy of Normandy
|
West Frisian victory
|
| 1076 | 1076 | Battle of IJsselmonde | West Frisia (later County of Holland) |  Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht
|
West Frisian victory
|
| 1101 | 1115 | Wars of Henry of Lower Lorraine | Pro Henry Lower Lotharingia
Holy Roman empire (1104-1106) |
Pro Godfrey Lower Lotharingia
Holy Roman empire (1101-1104 and 1006-1115) |
Godfrey I, Count of Louvain remain Duke of Lower Lotharingia and Henry became count of Limburg |
| 1102 | 1105 | German-Flemish war | County of Flanders | Holy Roman Empire | Status quo ante bellum |
| 1127 | 1128 | War of the Flemish succession (1127–1128) | Pro-William Clito Flanders
|
Pro-Theoderic of Alsace Flanders
|
Theoderican victory
|
| 1128 | 1131 | Godfrey-Waleran war | Pro Godfrey Lower Lotharingia | Pro Waleran Lower Lotharingia | •Battle of Wilderen : Waleran victory•Waleran became duke of Lower Lotharingia
•Godfrey renonce his title and went to the abbey of Affligem |
| 1132 | 1297 | West Frisian Wars[4][5][6] |  County of Holland
|
West Frisians | Hollandic victory
|
| 1139 | 1140 | Rebellion of Henry II of Limburg | Pro Henry Lower Lotharingia | Pro Godfrey Lower Lotharingia | •Godfrey victory, he remain duke of Lower lotharingia |
| 1139 | 1159 | Grimbergen Wars | County of Leuven & Brussels
|
 House of Berthout
|
Leuven victory
|
| 1142 | 1142 | Limburg-Fauquemont war | County of Limburg | Lordship of Fauquemont | Limburg victory |
| 1165 | 1323 | Flemish–Hollandic conflict over Zeeland Bewestenschelde[7] | County of Flanders
|
County of Holland
|
Hollandic victory: Treaty of Paris (1323)
|
| 1186 | 1263/5 | War of the Namurois–Luxemburgish succession[8][9] | House of Namur (Ermesinde) Limburg-Luxemburg dynasty County of Namur (contested) County of Luxemburg (contested until 1199)
|
House of Flanders (Baldwins) County of Hainaut County of Namur (contested) County of Flanders
|
Compromise
|
| 1202 | 1378 | Liégeois–Brabantian Wars |  Prince-bishopric of Liège County of Loon
|
 Duchy of Brabant Dual Lordship of Maastricht
|
Compromise: Truce of Booienhoven |
| 1203 | 1206 | Loon War | Ada and Louis II Loon Supported by: |
William Holland Supported by:  England House of Welf
|
Military and long-term political victory for William
|
| 1212 | 1213 | War of the Moha Succession (part of the Liégeois–Brabantian Wars) |
Duchy of Brabant
|
Prince-Bishopric of Liège
|
Liégeois victory
|
| 1213 | 1214 | Anglo-French War (1213–1214) | Kingdom of France Duchy of Burgundy County of Champagne County of Dreux County of Ponthieu County of Saint-Pol Duchy of Normandy Duchy of Bretagne Prince-Bishopric of Liège
|
Angevin Empire (England, Anjou, Normandy, Aquitaine) Holy Roman Empire Flanders-Namur County of Boulogne  Hainaut-Holland Brabant-Leuven Duchy of Lorraine Duchy of Limburg Duchy of Saxony.svg){kind=small} Palatinate
|
French victory
|
| 1225 | 1227 | Drenthe–Groningen war |  Burgraviate of Groningen Bishopric of Utrecht
|
 Burgraviate of Coevorden ("Drenthe")Gelkingen |
Drenther victory
|
| 1228 | 1232 | Drenther Crusade | Bishopric of Utrecht Frisian crusaders
|
Burgraviate of Coevorden ("Drenthe").svg){kind=small} Ommelander rebels
|
Inconclusive
|
| 1226/8 | 1231/2 | War of the Succession of Breda[10] | |||
| 1244 | 1254 | War of the Flemish Succession | House of Flanders.svg){kind=small} House of DampierreSupported by:  Anjou (3rd conflict)
|
 House of AvesnesSupported by: Holland (2nd conflict) Zeeland (2nd conflict)
|
Compromise
|
| 1245/50 | 1273/5 | Great Interregnum |  Hohenstaufen party
|
 Welf party
|
Compromise
|
| 1256 | 1422 | Friso-Hollandic Wars | County of Holland
|
Upstalsboom League Various other Frisian factions |
Holland conquers West Frisia, but makes no substantial gains in Middle Frisia |
| 1272 | 1278 | War of the Cow | Prince-Bishopric of Liège
|
County of Namur
|
Indecisive
|
| 1283 | 1289 | War of the Limburg Succession | Duchy of Brabant County of Loon City of Cologne
|
 County of Guelders County of Luxemburg Electorate of Cologne
|
Brabantian victory
|
| 1296 | 1335 | Awans and Waroux War[11] |  Awans
|
 Waroux
|
Stalemate
|
| 1297 | 1305 | Franco-Flemish War | Kingdom of France Flemish patricians
|
County of Flanders County of Namur
|
French victory
|
| 1303 | 1306 | Brussels Revolt | Brabantian artisan guilds | Brabantian patrician class Duke of Brabant
|
Patrician–ducal victory
|
| 1322 | 1326 | Bredevoorter Feud |  Prince-Bishopric of Münster
|
County of Guelders
|
Compromise: Peace of Wesel
|
| 1323 | 1328 | Peasant revolt in Flanders 1323–1328 | Kingdom of France Flemish count and loyalists
|
Flemish rebels
|
French victory
|
| 1336 | 1366 | Wars of the Loon Succession (part of the Liégeois–Brabantian Wars) |
County of Loon[12] Supported by: Duchy of Brabant (1337–1363) Duchy of Luxemburg (1361–1366)
|
Prince-Bishopric of Liège Supported by:  Avignon Papacy
|
Liégeois victory |
| 1337 | 1453 | Hundred Years' War | Valois victory
| ||
| 1350 | 1361 | Guelderian Fratricidal War | Reginald III, Duke of Guelders Heeckeren faction
|
Edward, Duke of Guelders Bronckhorst faction
|
Edwardian victory
|
| 1350 | 1490 | Hook and Cod wars | Hook league (anti-Burgundy) | Cod league (pro-Burgundy) | Cod victory
|
| 1352 | 1365 | War of the Valkenburg succession[13] |  Reginald of Schönforst
|
 Waleran of Valkenburg
|
Brabantian victory
|
| 1356 | 1357 | War of the Brabantian Succession | Duchy of Brabant Duchy of Limburg Lordship of Mechelen Duchy of Luxemburg
|
County of Flanders County of Namur (Jun. '56–Feb. '57)
|
Flemish–Guelderian victory
|
| 1364 | 1368 | First war of Guelders[14] | Duchy of Brabant Heeckeren faction County of Holland County of Hainaut
|
Duchy of Guelders Bronckhorst faction County of Zutphen Bishopric of Utrecht
|
Military stalemate, diplomatic Brabantian victory
|
| 1371 | 1371 | Battle of Baesweiler |  Duchy of Jülich Duchy of Guelders County of Zutphen
|
Duchy of Brabant County of Namur County of Ligny
|
Jülich–Guelderian victory
|
| 1371 | 1379 | First War of the Guelderian Succession | Duchy of Jülich Bronckhorst faction
|
Blois Heeckeren faction
|
Jülich victory
|
| 1379 | 1385 | Revolt of Ghent (1379–1385) (part of the Hundred Years' War) |
 Kingdom of France County of Flanders Duchy of Burgundy (1384–5)
|
.svg){kind=small} Ghent rebels.svg){kind=small} Kingdom of England (1383–5)
|
Franco–Burgundian victory
|
| 1382 | 1383 | Despenser's Crusade (part of the Hundred Years' War, Revolt of Ghent and Western Schism) |
Kingdom of France County of Flanders Avignon Papacy
|
Kingdom of England Ghent rebels Papal States
|
Truce
|
| 1385 | 1390 | Second war of Guelders[15][16] | Duchy of Brabant Duchy of Limburg Duchy of Burgundy Kingdom of France
|
 Duchy of Guelders County of Zutphen Land of Cuijk Duchy of Jülich
|
Guelderian victory
|
| 1397 | 1399 | Third war of Guelders[17][18] | Duchy of Brabant
|
Duchy of Guelders
|
|
| 1401 | 1412 | Arkel Wars[19] | County of Holland Gorinchem (1406–7)
|
 Land van Arkel Duchy of Guelders (1409–12)
|
Hollandic victory
|
| 1413 | 1422 | Great Frisian War | Vetkopers | Schieringers | Stalemate
|
| 1423 | 1449 | Utrecht Schism[20] | Pro-Rudolf Utrecht Lichtenbergers Hook league Proysen Papal States (1432–1449)
|
Anti-Rudolf Utrecht Lokhorsten Cod league Duchy of Burgundy Duchy of Guelders (1423–29) Papal States (1423–32)Council of Basel (1431–49) Antipope Felix V (1439–49) |
Lichtenberger victory
|
| 1438 | 1441 | Dutch–Hanseatic War (part of the Sound Wars) |
Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands
|
 Hanseatic League |
Stalemate; compromise |
| 1442 | 1446 | Hollandic–Bremer war | County of Holland County of Zeeland County of Flanders Frisian lands
|
 Bremen
|
Peace of Harderwijk (1446) |
| 1449 | 1453 | Revolt of Ghent (1449–1453) | Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands
|
Ghent rebels
|
Burgundian victory
|
| 1456 | 1458 | Utrecht war (1456–1458) | Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands Graauwerts Cod league |
.svg){kind=small} Van Brederode Van MontfoortLichtenbergers Hook league |
Burgundian victory
|
| 1458 | 1464 | Donia War[21] | Harinxmas (Schieringers) | Donias (Vetkopers) | Successive reconciliations between warring clans |
| 1459 | 1459 | Revolt against Arnold[22] | Pro-Adolf Guelders Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands
|
Pro-Arnold Guelders
|
Arnoldian victory
|
| 1465 | 1468 | Wars of Liège | Prince-Bishopric of Liège Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands
|
 Liégeois rebels Green Tent Companions Kingdom of France
|
Burgundian victory
|
| 1465 | 1468 | War in Guelders[22] | Pro-Adolf Guelders Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands Electorate of Cologne
|
Pro-Arnold Guelders Duchy of Cleves County of Mark
|
Adolfian victory (Battle of Straelen)
|
| 1473 | 1473 | Burgundian conquest of Guelders[23] | Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands Duchy of Cleves County of Mark
|
Duchy of Guelders County of Zutphen
|
Burgundian victory
|
| 1474 | 1477 | Burgundian Wars | Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands Duchy of Savoy
|
 Duchy of Lorraine Swiss Confederates
|
Franco–Swiss victory
|
| 1477 | 1482 | War of the Burgundian Succession | Habsburg: Habsburg Monarchy Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands
|
Valois-Orléans: Kingdom of France Swiss Confederates Duchy of Guelders
|
Treaty of Arras (1482), Treaty of Senlis (1493)
|
| 1477 | 1499 | Guelderian War of Independence (1477–82, 1494–9) (part of the War of the Burgundian Succession) |
Habsburg: Habsburg Monarchy Duchy of Burgundy (1477–82) Burgundian Netherlands Duchy of Cleves (1498–9) Duchy of Jülich (1498–9)
|
Guelders: Duchy of Guelders Supported by: Kingdom of France
|
Guelderian victory
|
| 1481 | 1483 | Utrecht war of 1481–83 (part of the Hook and Cod Wars) |
Cod league Duchy of Burgundy
|
Hook league Duchy of Cleves
|
Cod victory
|
| 1483 | 1492 | Flemish revolts against Maximilian | Habsburg Monarchy Habsburg Netherlands
|
County of Flanders
|
Habsburg victory
|
| 1488 | 1490 | Jonker Fransen War (part of the Hook and Cod Wars) |
Cod league (pro-Habsburg) Habsburg Monarchy Habsburg Netherlands
|
Hook league (anti-Habsburg) | Cod–Habsburg victory
|
| 1491 | 1492 | Bread and Cheese Revolt | Habsburg Monarchy Habsburg Netherlands
|
  Bread and Cheese folk
|
Habsburg victory
|
| 1502 | 1543 | Guelders Wars | Habsburg: Habsburg Monarchy Spanish Empire (incl. Netherlands)
|
Guelders: Duchy of Guelders Groningen & Ommelanden (1514–36) Frisian rebels (1514–23) Jülich-Cleves-Berg (1538–43)Supported by:
|
Habsburg victory
|
| 1514 | 1517 | Saxon feud (part of the Guelders Wars) |
.svg){kind=small} Imperial Frisia (Saxony) (1514–15)
24 German princes |
|
Compromise
|
| 1531 | 1534 | Guelderian feud (part of the Guelders Wars) |
.svg){kind=small} County of East Frisia
|
Duchy of Guelders Harlingerland
|
Guelderian victory; Peace of Logum
|
| 1539 | 1540 | Revolt of Ghent (1539) | Habsburg Monarchy Spanish Empire (incl. Netherlands)
|
Ghent rebels
|
Habsburg victory
|
| 1542 | 1546 | Italian War of 1542–1546 | Holy Roman Empire
|
 Kingdom of France
|
Inconclusive
|
| 1551 | 1559 | Italian War of 1551–1559 | Spanish and Imperial (Habsburg) victory | ||
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.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
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.svg){kind=small}
,_comte_d%27Oldenbourg.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.png){kind=small}
- War of succession, diocesan feud or clan feud
- War of conquest (territorial control)
- Religious war
- Economic war (including socio-economic revolts)
- Revolt or rebellion (political)
References edit
- ^ Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "Franken". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum.
- ^ According to Lanting & van der Plicht (2010), the conquest of Turnacum and Cameracum probably happened in the period 445–450. Lanting, J. N.; van der Plicht, J. (2010). "De 14C-chronologie van de Nederlandse Pre- en Protohistorie VI: Romeinse tijd en Merovische periode, deel A: historische bronnen en chronologische thema's". Palaeohistoria 51/52 (2009/2010) (in Dutch). Groningen: Groningen Institute of Archaeology. pp. 46–47. ISBN 9789077922736. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
- ^ Timothy Reuter (ed.), The New Cambridge Medieval History. Volume 3, c.900–c.1024 (1999), p. 321.
- ^ Nieuwenhuijsen, Kees (2018). De Slag bij Vlaardingen 1018: Strijd om het graafschap Holland. Utrecht: Uitgeverij Omniboek. p. 289. ISBN 9789401912693. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
- ^ 't Jong, Henk (2018). De dageraad van Holland: De geschiedenis van het graafschap 1100-1300. Utrecht: Uitgeverij Omniboek. p. 123. ISBN 9789020534870. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
- ^ "Resten West-Friese moordpartij gevonden". NOS. 25 November 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
- ^ Graaf, R. de: Oorlog om Holland 1000-1375 (Verloren, Hilversum, 2004), ISBN 9065508074, p. 156, 167.
- ^ Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "Namen [geschiedenis]. §1. Regeerders". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum.
- ^ Coppens, Thera (2019). Johanna en Margaretha: Gravinnen van Vlaanderen en prinsessen van Constantinopel. Meulenhoff Boekerij. p. 348, footnote 315. ISBN 9789402313956. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
- ^ Boeren, P.C. (1962). Hadewych en Heer Hendrik Van Breda (in Dutch). Leiden: E.J. Brill. pp. 28–29. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
- ^ Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "Awans-en-Waroux-oorlog". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum.
- ^ One must keep in mind that Arnold and Godfrey were also quarreling amongst themselves, and did not constitute a united front against the Liégeois prince-bishop.
- ^ Boffa, pp. 13–15.
- ^ Boffa, pp. 15–17.
- ^ Boffa, Sergio (2004). Warfare in Medieval Brabant, 1356-1406. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell & Brewer. pp. 30–35. ISBN 9781843830610. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
- ^ Eads, V.; Rogers, Clifford J. (2010). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology: Volume I. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 218. ISBN 978-0195334036. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
- ^ Boffa, "Contents" (page v).
- ^ Houthuys, Astrid (2009). Middeleeuws kladwerk: de autograaf van de Brabantsche yeesten, boek VI (vijftiende eeuw). Hilversum: Uitgeverij Verloren. p. 261. ISBN 9789087040635. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
- ^ Brouwer, Maria (2016). Governmental Forms and Economic Development: From Medieval to Modern Times. Switzerland: Springer Publishing. p. 161. ISBN 9783319420400. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
- ^ van Engen, Hildo (2006). De derde orde van Sint-Franciscus in het middeleeuwse bisdom Utrecht: Een bijdrage tot de institutionele geschiedenis van de Moderne Devotie. Hilversum: Uitgeverij Verloren. pp. 137–138. ISBN 9789065509208.
- ^ J. Frieswijk e.o., Fryslân, staat en macht (Hilversum 1999) pp. 53–60.
- ^ a b Nuyens, Willem Jan Frans (1873). Algemeene geschiedenis des Nederlandschen volks, van de vroegste tijden tot op onze dagen, Deel 2. Amsterdam. pp. 91–98.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "Karel [Bourgondische gewesten]. §1. Buitenlandse politiek". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum.