Wikipedia

List of tsunamis in Europe

The following is a list of notable tsunamis in Europe.

The aftermath of the Messina earthquake and tsunami on December 28, 1908

Causes edit

Most of the tsunamis that have occurred within Europe have happened in the Mediterranean Sea because in the Mediterranean Sea there are earthquakes, submarine landslide and volcanoes. Most of the earthquakes occur on the Eurasian Plate but earthquakes and submarine landslide also occur in western Europe like France, Norway and the United Kingdom which have been struck by tsunamis.

Tsunamis edit

Date Country Dead Cause Notes
~6225-6170 BC   Scotland, United Kingdom Unknown Underwater elmoslide Storegga Slide, Norway[1]
6000 BC   Sicily, Italy Unknown Volcanic eruption
3500 BC   Northern Isles Many Tsunami Unclear[2]
1410 BC   Santorini, Greece Unknown Volcanic eruption [3]
426 BC   Gulf of Euboea, Greece Unknown Earthquake 426 BC Malian Gulf tsunami[3]
373 BC   Helike, Greece Unknown Earthquake An earthquake and a tsunami destroyed the prosperous Greek city Helike, lying 2 km away from the sea. The fate of the city, which remained permanently submerged, was often commented upon by ancient writers and may have inspired Plato when writing his story of Atlantis in Timaeus and Critias.[3]
227 BC   Dodecanese, Greece Unknown Earthquake 226 BC Rhodes earthquake[3]
210 BC   Gulf of Cadiz, Portugal Unknown Earthquake [4]
79 AD   Gulf of Naples, Italy Unknown Volcanic eruption A smaller tsunami was witnessed in the Bay of Naples by Pliny the Younger during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.[5]
21 July 365   Crete, Greece Thousands 8.0 earthquake 365 Crete earthquake[3]
7 July 551   Menidi, Aetolia-Acarnania, Greece Unknown Earthquake [3]
15 August 554   Kos, Greece Unknown Earthquake [3]
24 October 842   Channel Islands United Kingdom Unknown Earthquake [6]
1050   Santorini, Greece Unknown Volcanic eruption [3]
11 November 1099   Cornwall, United Kingdom, Unknown Unknown [6]
1 October 1134     North Sea, United Kingdom, Netherlands Unknown Unknown [7]
4 February 1169   Strait of Messina, Italy, Unknown Earthquake [5]
11 May 1222   Cyprus Unknown Earthquake [3]
8 August 1303   Crete, Greece Thousands 8.0 earthquake 1303 Crete earthquake[3]
25 November 1343   Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy Loss of lives recorded unknown number. Earthquake [5]
5 December 1456   Province of Benevento, Italy 30,000–70,000 Earthquake [5] Largest earthquake to strike Italy.
3 May 1481   Rhodes, Greece Unknown Earthquake [3]
6 April 1580   Strait of Dover, United Kingdom 120 Earthquake/Underwater landslide The 5.9 earthquake caused freak waves in the Strait of Dover which were observed in England and France.[6]
30 January 1607   Bristol Channel, United Kingdom 2,000 disputed tsunami caused by earthquake off Ireland
27 March 1638   Sicily, Italy 9,581–30,000 Earthquake [5]
6 April 1667   Adriatic Sea, Croatia Unknown Earthquake The tsunami struck the city of Dubrovnik.[8]
9 October 1680   Alboran Sea, Spain Unknown Unknown [9]
11 January 1693   Italy 1000 Earthquake [5]
1693   Iceland Unknown Volcanic earthquake [10]
21 February 1723   Lefkada, Greece Unknown Earthquake [3]
20 February 1743   Apulia, Italy 180–300 Earthquake [5]
14 May 1748   Gulf of Patras, Greece Unknown Earthquake [3]
7 July 1757   Isles of Scilly, United Kingdom Unknown Earthquake [6]
21 January 1760     Baltic Sea, Denmark, Germany Unknown Underwater landslide [11]
5 September 1767   Dublin Republic of Ireland Unknown Unknown [12]
February 5, February 6, February 7, March 1, March 28, 1783   Calabria, Italy 50,000 Earthquakes [5]
1 November 1755   Lisbon, Portugal 10,000 Earthquake [13]
31 March 1761   Lisbon, Portugal Unknown Earthquake Moderate tsunami observed in Cornwall and Barbados.
18 September 1763   Weymouth, Dorset, United Kingdom Unknown Unknown [6]
2 April 1808   Coast, Italy Unknown Earthquake An earthquake in Italy caused a possible tsunami that was observed in Marseille, France.[5][14]
23 August 1817   Gulf of Corinth, Greece Unknown Earthquake [3]
29 December 1820   Zakynthos, Greece Unknown Earthquake [3]
5 July 1843  Cornwall, United Kingdom Unknown Unknown [6]
12 October 1856   Crete, Greece Unknown Earthquake [3]
19 September 1867   Ionian Sea Greece 12 Earthquake [3]
3 April 1881   Chios, Greece 7,866 Earthquake [3]
27 August 1886   Ionian Sea, Greece Unknown Earthquake [3]
23 February 1887   Ligurian Sea, France Unknown Earthquake [5][14]
14 June 1893   Adriatic Sea, Albania Unknown 7.5 earthquake [15]
31 March 1901   Black Sea, Bulgaria 0 7.2 earthquake [16]
16 January 1905   Loen, Norway 61 Landslide [17]
8 September 1905   Calabria, Italy 557 Earthquake [5]
28 December 1908   Messina, Italy 200,000 7.2 earthquake [5]
11 September 1930   Italy 2 Earthquake [5]
26 September 1932   Ierissos, Greece 491 Earthquake 1932 Ierissos earthquake[3]
7 April 1934   Tafjord Norway 40
 Landslide [17]
13 September 1936   Loen, Norway 74 Landslide [17]
September 10 1953   Paphos, Cyprus 40 Earthquake
9 July 1956   Aegean Islands Greece 3 Earthquake [3]
9 July 1956   Dodecanese Greece 56 Earthquake [3]
9 October 1963   Monte Toc, Italy 1,450 Landslide
28 February 1969   Portugal 0 Earthquake [13]
21 June 1978   Vela Luka, Croatia 0 Meteorologic [18]
16 October 1979   Nice, France 8-23 Landslide and underwater landslide [19]
1 January 1980   Azores, Portugal 0 Earthquake [13]
13 December 1990   Italy 6 Earthquake [5]
30 December 2002   Stromboli, Italy 0 Landslide [5]
21 May 2003   Balearic islands, Spain 0 Earthquake The earthquake was off the coast of Algeria.[20][21]
29 June 2011   Cornwall, United Kingdom 0 Underwater landslide [6][22][23][24]
30 October 2020   Aegean Islands, Greece 1 Earthquake A magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck off the coast of Turkey, producing a 2.2 meter-high tsunami that would later strike the coast of Turkey, and the Aegean Islands, including Ikaria, Kos, Chios, and Samos.[25][20]


See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Paula Dunbar. "Tsunami Deposits Evidence Search". Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  2. ^ Bondevik, Stein; Mangerud, Jan; Dawson, Sue; Dawson, Alastair; Lohne, Øystein (1 August 2005). "Evidence for three North Sea tsunamis at the Shetland Islands between 8000 and 1500 years ago". Quaternary Science Reviews. 24 (14): 1757–1775. Bibcode:2005QSRv...24.1757B. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.018. hdl:1956/735. ISSN 0277-3791.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Paula Dunbar. "Tsunami Events Full Search, sort by Date, Country". Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  4. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?op_14=eq&v_14=PORTUGAL&bt_10=1&d=7&t=101650&s=70 [dead link]
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Paula Dunbar. "Tsunami Events Full Search, sort by Date, Country". Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Paula Dunbar. "Tsunami Events Full Search, sort by Date, Country". Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  7. ^ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?op_14=eq&v_14=NORTH+SEA&bt_10=1&d=7&t=101650&s=70 [dead link]
  8. ^ Paula Dunbar. "Tsunami Events Full Search, sort by Date, Country". Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  9. ^ Paula Dunbar. "Tsunami Events Full Search, sort by Date, Country". Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  10. ^ Paula Dunbar. "Tsunami Events Full Search, sort by Date, Country". Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  11. ^ Paula Dunbar. "Tsunami Events Full Search, sort by Date, Country". Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  12. ^ Paula Dunbar. "Tsunami Events Full Search, sort by Date, Country". Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  13. ^ a b c Paula Dunbar. "Tsunami Events Full Search, sort by Date, Country". Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  14. ^ a b "Evaluating and preventing the tsunami risk for France's metropolitan and overseas coasts - Sénat". Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  15. ^ Paula Dunbar. "Tsunami Events Full Search, sort by Date, Country". Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  16. ^ Paula Dunbar. "Tsunami Events Full Search, sort by Date, Country". Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  17. ^ a b c Paula Dunbar. "Tsunami Events Full Search, sort by Date, Country". Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  18. ^ "Riješena zagonetka plimnog vala koji je pogodio Vela Luku 1978. godine". Dubrovački vjesnik. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  19. ^ Paula Dunbar. "Tsunami Events Full Search, sort by Date, Country". Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  20. ^ a b Paula Dunbar. "Tsunami Events Full Search, sort by Date, Country". Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  21. ^ "Tsunamis in Spain". Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  22. ^ Bowater, Donna (29 June 2011). "Landslide causes tsunamis off the coast of Cornwall". London: Telegraph. Archived from the original on July 2, 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
  23. ^ "Home of the Daily and Sunday Express | UK News :: Tsunami waves hit UK coastline". Express.co.uk. 2011-06-30. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
  24. ^ "South coast hit by tsunami after ocean landslide". mirror.co.uk. 2011-06-30. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
  25. ^ "Serious tsunami hits Greece and Turkey after 7.0 earthquake". Unesco. 12 Nov 2020. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
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