List of shipwrecks in 1976

The list of shipwrecks in 1976 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during 1976.

table of contents
← 1975 1976 1977 →
Jan Feb Mar Apr
May Jun Jul Aug
Sep Oct Nov Dec
Unknown date
References

January

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3 January

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List of shipwrecks: 3 January 1976
Ship State Description
Capella   East Germany The coaster sank off Schiermonnikoog, the Netherlands.[1]
Carnoustie   United Kingdom Sank in same storm as Capella. Often mistakenly referred to as "Carnoesti" in American press.[2][3]

8 January

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List of shipwrecks: 8 January 1976
Ship State Description
Princess Sissy   Panama The cruise ship ran aground in the Adriatic between the islands of Hvar and Korčula.[4]
Vanquisher   United Kingdom The tug capsized and sank in the Thames Estuary at Tilbury whilst assisting Jervis Bay (  United Kingdom). All seven crew rescued.[5]

10 January

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List of shipwrecks: 10 January 1976
Ship State Description
ARA Comandante General Zapiola   Argentine Navy The Navajo-class fleet ocean tug ran aground on a reef off Antarctica and was declared a total loss.

19 January

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List of shipwrecks: 19 January 1976
Ship State Description
Esso Provence   France The tanker ran aground off Fawley, Hampshire, United Kingdom.[6]

26 January

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List of shipwrecks: 26 January 1976
Ship State Description
Olympic Bravery   Greece The tanker ran aground off the coast of Brittany, France.[7]

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1976
Ship State Description
Kirk Pride   Cayman Islands The vessel struck a reef and sank off the Cayman Islands.

February

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11 February

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List of shipwrecks: 11 February 1976
Ship State Description
Evgenia I   Greece The ship ran aground 23 nautical miles (43 km) north of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and was severely damaged. She was refloated but had to be beached. Declared a constructive total loss.[8]

15 February

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List of shipwrecks: 15 February 1976
Ship State Description
USS Otterstetter   United States Navy The Edsall-class destroyer escort was sunk as target off Puerto Rico.

20 February

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List of shipwrecks: 20 February 1976
Ship State Description
Marie Elizabeth   Panama The cargo ship caught fire at Barcelona, Spain and was abandoned by her crew. Declared a total loss.[9]

22 February

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List of shipwrecks: 22 February 1976
Ship State Description
Unknown   Khmer Rouge A navy vessel was sunk by six Thai navy vessels.[10]

26 February

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List of shipwrecks: 26 February 1976
Ship State Description
Gustave Zédé   French Navy The decommissioned submarine tender was sunk as a target in 2,149 metres (7,051 ft) of water in the Mediterranean Sea south of Marseille, France, at 42°30′N 5°24′E / 42.500°N 5.400°E / 42.500; 5.400 ("Gustave Zédé") by an E14 torpedo fired by the submarine Doris (  French Navy).[11]

March

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1 March

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List of shipwrecks: 1 March 1976
Ship State Description
Deep Sea Driller   Norway The drilling rig ran aground off Bergen. One leg broke off and six crew were killed. Although declared a constructive total loss,[12] the rig was later repaired and returned to service.

4 March

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List of shipwrecks: 4 March 1969
Ship State Description
USS Magnet   United States Navy The decommissioned degaussing vessel was sunk as a target in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Baja California at 31°16′N 117°40′W / 31.267°N 117.667°W / 31.267; -117.667 ("USS Magnet (ADG-9)").

23 March

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List of shipwrecks: 23 March 1969
Ship State Description
INS Godavari   Indian Navy The Hunt-class destroyer ran aground in the Maldives and was damaged beyond repair.

April

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5 April

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List of shipwrecks: 5 April 1976
Ship State Description
Kitty Bear   United States The 12-gross register ton, 34.2-foot (10.4 m) fishing vessel sank in Clarence Strait in the Alexander Archipelago in Southeast Alaska.[13]

6 April

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List of shipwrecks: 6 April 1976
Ship State Description
Ferro 119   Cuba The fishing boat was sunk by a Cuban exile-operated boat, with one crewman killed and three wounded aboard her and Ferro 123 (  Cuba) combined.[14]
Ferro 123   Cuba The fishing boat was sunk by a Cuban exile-operated boat, with one crewman killed and three wounded aboard her and Ferro 119 (  Cuba) combined .[14]

8 April

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List of shipwrecks: 8 April 1976
Ship State Description
Kaptanvassos   Cyprus The cargo ship capsized and sank off Perama, Greece. Five of her crew were lost.[15]

14 April

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List of shipwrecks: 14 April 1976
Ship State Description
SAS Vrystaat   South African Navy The decommissioned Type 15 frigate was sunk as a torpedo target by the submarine SAS Maria van Riebeeck (  South African Navy) eight nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) southwest of Cape Point. South Africa.[16][17]

16 April

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List of shipwrecks: 16 April 1976
Ship State Description
Ocean Express   United States The drilling rig sank in the Gulf of Mexico. Thirteen of her 36 crew were killed when an escape capsule capsized and sank.[18]

26 April

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List of shipwrecks: 26 April 1976
Ship State Description
Master Carl   United States The 131-gross register ton, 72.7-foot (22.2 m) crab-fishing vessel capsized and sank in a storm in the Gulf of Alaska off the south-central coast of Alaska near Kayak Island, approximately 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) southeast of Cape Suckling (59°59′30″N 143°53′00″W / 59.99167°N 143.88333°W / 59.99167; -143.88333 (Cape Suckling)). Her entire crew of four abandoned ship in a life raft, but two of them died when the raft capsized in the surf as they approached the shore. The other two crew members survived.[19]

2 May

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List of shipwrecks: 2 May 1976
Ship State Description
Nordhuk   West Germany The cargo ship ran aground off Eilean Trodday, Inner Hebrides, United Kingdom and was wrecked. All twelve crew were rescued by the Stornoway Lifeboat.[20]

12 May

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List of shipwrecks: 12 May 1976
Ship State Description
Hotai   United States The 81-gross register ton, 86-foot (26.2 m) motor vessel was wrecked on the coast of Montague Island on the south-central coast of Alaska.[21]
Urquiola   Spain The tanker exploded and caught fire at the mouth of A Coruña harbour, killing two of her thirty-nine crew.[22]

13 May

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List of shipwrecks: 13 May 1976
Ship State Description
Christmas Seal   Canada The motor vessel ran aground at Eastern Shore, Nova Scotia, Canada, and sank.

June

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10 June

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List of shipwrecks: 10 June 1976
Ship State Description
Gamtoos   South Africa The cargo ship was sunk as a target in Table Bay off the coast of South Africa by South African Air Force aircraft.[23]

23 June

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List of shipwrecks: 6 June 1976
Ship State Description
Armorique   France The ferry ran aground off Saint-Malo, Ille-et-Vilaine and was damaged. She was later repaired and returned to service.

23 June

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List of shipwrecks: 23 June 1976
Ship State Description
NEPCO 140   United States The barge ran aground in the American Narrows causing a large oil spill.

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown date in June 1976
Ship State Description
Lappe   United Kingdom The lighter sank in Cline Bay, off Freetown, Sierra Leone.[24]

July

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3 July

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List of shipwrecks: 3 July 1976
Ship State Description
Polaris 1   Panama The tanker was driven ashore on San Andrés Island, Columbia. Consequently scrapped in 1977.[25]

21 July

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List of shipwrecks: 21 July 1976
Ship State Description
USS Chopper   United States Navy Tethered for use as a target by the submarine USS Spadefish (  United States Navy), the decommissioned Balao-class submarine sank in the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, before Spadefish could fire at her.

25 July

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List of shipwrecks: 25 July 1976
Ship State Description
Duck   United States The houseboat struck a submerged log and sank in the Inside Passage in Southeast Alaska at a location described in the wreck report as "Saint Mary's Point" north of Ketchikan, Alaska, possibly a misidentification of Point Saint Mary's (58°44′00″N 135°01′15″W / 58.73333°N 135.02083°W / 58.73333; -135.02083 (Point Saint Mary's)) north of Juneau, Alaska.[26]
Miller’s Bay   United States The 34-foot (10.4 m) salmon troller disappeared with the loss of all three people on board – a husband and wife and their 14-year-old daughter – while fishing off Noyes Island in the Alexander Archipelago in Southeast Alaska.[19]

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown date in July 1976
Ship State Description
Gulf Coast   Cyprus The coaster caught fire in the English Channel and was beached.[27]

August

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3 August

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List of shipwrecks: 3 August 1976
Ship State Description
Ann Page   United States The fishing vessel sank south of Wingham Island (60°01′N 144°23′W / 60.017°N 144.383°W / 60.017; -144.383 (Wingham Island)) near Cordova, Alaska, after she struck a rock.[28]

10 August

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List of shipwrecks: 10 August 1976
Ship State Description
HMS Reward   Royal Navy The offshore patrol vessel collided with Plainsman (  Singapore) in the Firth of Forth during foggy weather and sank. All 42 people on board rescued by Plainsman.[29]

12 August

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List of shipwrecks: 12 August 1976
Ship State Description
Major   United States The 50-gross register ton, 54.8-foot (16.7 m) fishing vessel sank off Kodiak Island, Alaska.[19]

16 August

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List of shipwrecks: 16 August 1976
Ship State Description
Barkis   United Kingdom The tug capsized and sank off Lowestoft, Suffolk with the loss of one of her four crew.[30]

20 August

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List of shipwrecks: 20 August 1976
Ship State Description
Morning Cloud   United Kingdom The yacht ran aground outside Ramsgate Harbour, Kent.[31]

24 August

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List of shipwrecks: 24 August 1976
Ship State Description
Malaysia Raya   Malaysia The cruise ship caught fire at Kuala Lumpur, a total loss.[32]

26 August

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List of shipwrecks: 26 August 1976
Ship State Description
Deep Sea   United States During a voyage in Alaska′s Kodiak Archipelago from Mush Bay (57°42′00″N 153°28′24″W / 57.7°N 153.47333333°W / 57.7; -153.47333333 (Mush Bay)) to Kodiak, the 72-foot (21.9 m) fishing tender sank in Whale Pass between Kodiak Island and Whale Island during a gale with the loss of all eight people – three men, three women, a 5-year-old boy, and a 20-month-old girl – aboard.[26]

31 August

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List of shipwrecks: 31 August 1976
Ship State Description
TCG Dumlupınar   Turkish Navy The Balao-class submarine was beached in the Dardanelles to avoid sinking after colliding with the cargo ship Szik Vovilov (  Soviet Union). She later was salvaged, repaired, and returned to service.

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown August
Ship State Description
Tina   Greece Lebanese Civil War: The vessel was sunk by limpet mines in Lebanon by the Christian faction sometime in August.[33]

September

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17 September

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List of shipwrecks: 17 September 1976
Ship State Description
Salinda   Panama The Design 381 coastal freighter capsized and sank off Uwi Island.[34][35]

18 September

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List of shipwrecks: 18 September 1976
Ship State Description
Alexandra K.   Greece The cargo ship caught fire in the Aegean Sea (35°10′N 30°20′E / 35.167°N 30.333°E / 35.167; 30.333) and was abandoned. She was on a voyage from Eleusis to Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Presumed to have subsequently sunk.[36]

20 September

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List of shipwrecks: 20 September 1976
Ship State Description
HMS Fittleton   Royal Navy The minesweeper capsized within a minute of colliding with the frigate HMS Mermaid (  Royal Navy) in the North Sea 60 nautical miles (110 km; 69 mi) north of the island of Texel, the Netherlands. She sank several hours later in 160 feet (49 m) of water. Twelve members of her crew lost their lives; accompanying ships rescued 32 survivors. She was brought to the surface the next day and scrapped in 1977.

22 September

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List of shipwrecks: 22 September 1976
Ship State Description
Tiger Lil   United States The 38-foot (11.6 m) sailboat and all three people aboard her disappeared in the Gulf of Alaska during a voyage from Seward, Alaska, to Seattle, Washington. Later, wreckage of Tiger Lil later was found on Montague Island at the entrance to Prince William Sound and the body of one of her occupants washed ashore on Kayak Island.[37]

26 September

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List of shipwrecks: 26 September 1976
Ship State Description
Gertrude S   United States The 70-foot (21.3 m) vessel sank in 342 feet (104 m) of water in Kupreanof Strait (57°58′N 153°00′W / 57.967°N 153.000°W / 57.967; -153.000 (Kupreanof Strait)) between Raspberry Island and Kodiak Island in Alaska′s Kodiak Archipelago. The fishing vessel Sierra Seas (  United States) rescued her crew.[38]

27 September

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29 September

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List of shipwrecks: 29 September 1976
Ship State Description
Rarau   Poland The 2,186-ton factory trawler with a Romanian crew of eighty-four drove into the northern part of the Seven Stones Reef known as the North-east Rocks. All the crew were rescued and the trawler slipped into deep water.[39]

October

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9 October

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List of shipwrecks: 9 October 1976
Ship State Description
Sea Witch   United States The fishing vessel was wrecked on Saint Paul Island in the Pribilof Islands in the Bering Sea.[40]

12 October

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List of shipwrecks: 12 October 1976
Ship State Description
Sylvia M. Ossa   Panama The bulk carrier was last reported in the Atlantic Ocean (68°00′N 34°15′W / 68.000°N 34.250°W / 68.000; -34.250) whilst on a voyage from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Presumed foundered with the loss of all hands.[25]

14 October

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List of shipwrecks: 14 October 1976
Ship State Description
Boehlen   East Germany The tanker sank in the English Channel during a storm with the loss of twenty-three of her thirty-six crew.[41]
Mar del Oro   United States The 156-gross register ton, 79.9-foot (24.4 m) shrimp-fishing vessel sank in the Shelikof Strait between the Kodiak Archipelago and the mainland of Alaska. A United States Coast Guard helicopter rescued her entire crew of six.[19]

15 October

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List of shipwrecks: 15 October 1976
Ship State Description
Andros Antares   Liberia The supertanker ran aground at Antifer, France in a storm.[41]
Ante Oltmans   West Germany The cargo ship foundered off the coast of the Netherlands in a storm. All six crew were killed.[41]
Freeland   Cyprus The cargo ship foundered off Brittany, France in a storm. All crew saved.[41]
USS George K. MacKenzie   United States Navy The Gearing-class destroyer was sunk as a target in the Pacific Ocean off California.

18 October

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List of shipwrecks: 18 October 1976
Ship State Description
Otterturm   West Germany The tug collided with a barge and sank off Burghead, United Kingdom with the loss of one of her ten crew.[42]

20 October

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List of shipwrecks: 20 October 1976
Ship State Description
George Prince   United States The ferry sank in the Mississippi River after a collision with Frosta (  Norway). Seventy-eight people were killed.

23 October

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List of shipwrecks: 23 October
Ship State Description
Eko   Cyprus Lebanese Civil War: The cargo ship was sunk by mines off Lebanon.[43][44]

25 October

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List of shipwrecks: 25 October 1976
Ship State Description
USS Tigrone   United States Navy The Tench-class submarine was sunk as a target in the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.

27 October

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List of shipwrecks: 27 October 1976
Ship State Description
Roadrunner   United States The halibut-fishing vessel was swamped and wrecked on Kayak Island in the Gulf of Alaska off the south-central coast of Alaska.[45]

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown date October 1976
Ship State Description
Coral Master   United States The 78-foot (23.8 m) vessel sank off Alaska.[46]

November

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1 November

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List of shipwrecks: 1 November 1976
Ship State Description
Vina   United States The capsized fishing vessel was found on shore at Cedar Pass (56°46′N 135°11′W / 56.767°N 135.183°W / 56.767; -135.183 (Cedar Pass)) in Southeast Alaska with both of her crewmen missing.[47]

22 November

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27 November

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List of shipwrecks: 27 November 1976
Ship State Description
Mona   Greece The fishing trawler was wrecked off "Cheka".

December

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3 December

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List of shipwrecks: 3 December 1976
Ship State Description
Achaios   Cyprus The motor vessel ran aground on the Akrotiri Peninsula (34°37′N 32°55′E / 34.617°N 32.917°E / 34.617; 32.917) on the coast of Cyprus and was wrecked.[48]
Devon City   United Kingdom The bulk carrier ran aground at Rügen Island, West Germany. She was refloated the next day and proceeded to Szczecin, Poland, for repairs.[49]

9 December

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11 December

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List of shipwrecks: 11 December 1976
Ship State Description
Fog   United States The 28-foot (8.5 m) vessel sank off the south-central coast of Alaska.[50]

15 December

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List of shipwrecks: 15 December 1976
Ship State Description
Argo Merchant   Liberia
 
Argo Merchant

The oil tanker ran aground at Nantucket Island, Massachusetts. She broke up and sank on 21 December, a total loss.

Unimak   United States The fishing vessel was destroyed by fire in the Bering Sea.[51]

17 December

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List of shipwrecks: 17 December 1976
Ship State Description
Sansinena   Liberia
 
Sansinena
The oil tanker, taking on ballast, exploded at Port of Los Angeles, California, United States destroying buildings ashore.

20 December

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List of shipwrecks: 17 December 1976
Ship State Description
Mecca   Iceland The ferry sank in the Red Sea after catching fire the previous day and drifting onto a reef.

23 December

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List of shipwrecks: 23 December 1976
Ship State Description
Santez-anna   United Kingdom The fishing boat was lost west of Guernsey in the Channel Islands.
Seastar   Lebanon The vessel ran aground on the Sha'b Abu Nuhas reef, remained stranded and finally sank in 1984.[52]

24 December

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List of shipwrecks: 24 December 1976
Ship State Description
British Steel   United Kingdom The yacht ran aground off Fuerteventura, Spain. All eight crew rescued, and the yacht was later refloated and returned to service.[53]
Patra   Egypt The passenger ship, the ex-Kronprins Frederik [de], was travelling with pilgrims between Jeddah and Suez when a fire broke out that exacerbated by poor and obsolete firefighting equipment. The ship sank due to the inability to extinguish the fire. 102 out of the 403 passengers and crew were lost.[54][55]

27 December

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List of shipwrecks: 27 December 1976
Ship State Description
Unidentified midget submarine   Pakistan Navy The SX-404-class midget submarine was lost in an accident with the loss of all hands.[56][57]

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: unknown date 1976
Ship State Description
Grand Zenith   Panama The oil tanker vanished in the North Atlantic with the loss of all hands; the United States Coast Guard estimated she sank on 30 or 31 December.[58]

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: unknown date 1976
Ship State Description
KRI Hardadali   Indonesian Navy The missile boat sank after striking an underwater obstacle in early 1976.[59]

References

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  1. ^ "Trail of death and damage moves to the Continent". The Times. No. 59593. London. 5 January 1976. col A-E, p. 2.
  2. ^ "Europe cleaning up after severe storm". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 5 January 1976. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
  3. ^ "MV Carnoustie [+1976]". wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
  4. ^ "Britons taken off stranded ship". The Times. No. 59597. London. 9 January 1976. col D, p. 1.
  5. ^ "Seven saved as tug capsizes". The Times. No. 59597. London. 9 January 1976. col D, p. 4.
  6. ^ "Supertanker runs aground". The Times. No. 59606. London. 20 January 1976. col E,F, p. 1.
  7. ^ "Onassis tanker aground off Brittany". The Times. No. 59612. London. 27 January 1976. col F, p. 8.
  8. ^ "TREVAYLOR". Clydesite. Archived from the original on 15 March 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  9. ^ Mitchell, WH; Sawyer, LA (1990). The Empire Ships (Second ed.). London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong: Lloyd's of London Press Ltd. p. 446. ISBN 1-85044-275-4.
  10. ^ "Kampuchean (Cambodian) Naval Battles". Sovietempire.com. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
  11. ^ Sous-Marins Français Disparus & Accidents: Sous-Marin Doris III (in French) Accessed 6 May 2023
  12. ^ "Six die as oil rig is wrecked". The Times. No. 59642. London. 2 March 1976. col D-F, p. 1.
  13. ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (K)
  14. ^ a b "Cuban Naval Battles". Retrieved 22 January 2018.
  15. ^ "Kaptanvassos (5148728)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
  16. ^ Du Toit, Allan (1992). South Africa's Fighting Ships: Past and Present. Rivonia, South Africa: Ashanti Publishing. ISBN 1-874800-50-2., pp. 203–04
  17. ^ "WRECKSITE - VRYSTAAT DESTROYER 1944-1976". www.wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
  18. ^ "13 drown after oil rig sinks of Texas coast". The Times. No. 59681. London. 17 April 1976. col A, p. 1.
  19. ^ a b c d e f alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (M)
  20. ^ "Ship abandoned". The Times. No. 59694. London. 3 May 1976. col F, p. 2.
  21. ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (H)
  22. ^ "Oil tanker explodes in Spanish harbour". The Times. No. 59706. London. 13 May 1976. col D, p. 1.
  23. ^ Weinerlein, Vic, "HMSAS GAMTOOS, 1942-1945: A South African salvage vessel in the Second World War," Military History Journal Vol 13 No 5 - June 2006
  24. ^ "Lappe". The Yard. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  25. ^ a b "T2 TANKERS - D - E - F". Mariners. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  26. ^ a b alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (D)
  27. ^ "Wakefield". The Yard. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
  28. ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (A)
  29. ^ "Naval ship sunk in Forth". The Times. No. 59779. London. 11 August 1976. col B, p. 1.
  30. ^ "Man presumed drowned after tug sinks". The Times. No. 59784. London. 17 August 1976. col B, p. 3.
  31. ^ "Heath yacht grounds". The Times. No. 59788. London. 21 August 1976. col A, p. 3.
  32. ^ "The fiery sisters". The Times. No. 59791. London. 25 August 1976. col D, p. 4.
  33. ^ "Syrian Naval Battles (Lebanese Civil War)". Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  34. ^ "U.S. Army Coastal Freighters (F, FS) Built During WWII". shipbuildinghistory.com. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
  35. ^ "Salinda (+1976)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
  36. ^ Mitchell, WH; Sawyer, LA (1990). The Empire Ships (Second ed.). London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong: Lloyd's of London Press Ltd. p. 40. ISBN 1-85044-275-4.
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  38. ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (G)
  39. ^ Liddiard, John. "Seven Stones". Archived from the original on 19 October 2007. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
  40. ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (S)
  41. ^ a b c d "23 sailors lost as ship sinks in storm". The Times. No. 59836. London. 16 October 1976. col D-G, p. 4.
  42. ^ "Seaman missing after collision". The Times. No. 59838. London. 19 October 1976. col B, p. 3.
  43. ^ "Syrian Naval Battles (Lebanese Civil War)". Soviet-Empire. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
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  46. ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (C)
  47. ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (V)
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  49. ^ "British ship refloated in Baltic". The Times. No. 59853. London. 5 November 1976. p. 8.
  50. ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (F)
  51. ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (U)
  52. ^ Andrea Ghiotti, ed. (1996). Diving Guide to the Red Sea Wrecks. Luxor: A A Gaddis & Sons. pp. 71–77.
  53. ^ "Chay Blyth and crew safe". The Times. No. 59896. London. 29 December 1976. col G, p. 5.
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  55. ^ "Patra". www.shipwrecksofegypt.com. Archived from the original on 10 March 2012.
  56. ^ Gray, Randal, ed., Conway′s All the World′s Fighting Ships 1947–1982, Part II: The Warsaw Pact and Non-Aligned Nations, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1983, ISBN 0-87021-919-7, p. 354.
  57. ^ Italian Small Submarines, Updated, September 9, 2011
  58. ^ "Coast Guard Believes Oil Tanker Missing in the Atlantic Has Sunk". The New York Times. 8 January 1977. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
  59. ^ Gray, Randal, ed., Conway′s All the World′s Fighting Ships 1947–1982, Part II: The Warsaw Pact and Non-Aligned Nations, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1983, ISBN 0-87021-919-7, p. 344.